Abstract
In the current scenario, extensive use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture is creating notable problems such as disease and pest resistance, residues, yield loss, and soil unproductiveness. These harmful chemicals are eventually reaching our food plate through bioaccumulation and biomagnification in a crop. As a result, beneficial microorganisms are regularly being explored as a safer option in the agriculture sector for their ability to produce valuable bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly for crop protection. Such natural (bio) products are harmless to plants, humans, and the environment. In our quest for the search of the sources of bioactive constituents from the microorganisms, endophytes are the front-runner. They mutually reside inside the plant providing support against phytopathogens by releasing an array of bioactive secondary metabolites building climate reliance of the host plant. The purpose of this review is to examine the biocontrol potential of endophytes against bacterial and fungal pathogens in sustainable agriculture. We also attempt to explain the structure and activity of the secondary metabolites produced by bacterial and fungal endophytes in conjunction with their biocontrol function. Additionally, we address potential future research directions for endophytes as biopesticides.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aktar MW, Sengupta D, Chowdhury A (2009) Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdiscip Toxicol 2:1–12
Alsultan W, Vadamalai G, Khairulmazmi A, Saud HM, Al-Sadi AM, Rashed O, Jaaffar AKM, Nasehi A (2019) Isolation, identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria antagonistic to Phytophthora palmivora causing black pod of cocoa in Malaysia. Eur J Plant Pathol 155:1077–1091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01834-8
Astuti P, Eden AD, WT, (2017) Wahyono. pharmaceutical microbiology and biotechnology cultural conditions affect the growth of endophytic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and improve its total and bioactive metabolite production. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 8:1770–1778
Aswani R, Jishma P, Radhakrishnan EK (2020) Endophytic bacteria from the medicinal plants and their potential applications. In: Kumar A, Singh VK (eds) Microbial Endophytes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 15–36
Ataides D, Pamphile JA, Garcia A, Ribeiro MAS, Polonio JC, Sarragiotto MH, Clemente E (2018) Curvularin produced by endophytic Cochliobolus sp. G2–20 isolated from Sapindus saponaria L. and evaluation of biological activity. J Appl Pharm Sci 8:032–037. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2018.81204
Aydi-Ben-Abdallah R, Jabnoun-Khiareddine H, Nefzi A, Mokni-Tlili S, Daami-Remadi M (2016) Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt and growth promotion of tomato plants using endophytic bacteria isolated from Solanum elaeagnifolium stems. J Phytopathol 164:811–824. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12501
Azaiez S, Slimene IB, KarkouchI EssidR, Jallouli S, Djebali N, Elkahoui S, Limam F, Tabbene O (2018) Biological control of the soft rot bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Ar10 producing glycolipid-like compounds. Microbiol Res 217:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.013
Bacon CW, Hinton DM (2007) Bacterial endophytes: The endophytic niche, its occupants, and its utility. In: Gnanamanickam SS (ed) Plant-Associated Bacteria. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 155–194
Berg G, Hallmann J (2006) Control of Plant Pathogenic Fungi with Bacterial Endophytes. In: Schulz BJE, Boyle CJC, Sieber TN (eds) Microbial Root Endophytes Soil Biology. Springer, Berlin, pp 53–69
Brader G, Compant S, Mitter B, Trognitz F, Sessitsch A (2014) Metabolic potential of endophytic bacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 27:30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.012
Chowdappa S, Jagannath S, Konappa N, Udayashankar AC, Jogaiah S (2020) Detection and characterization of antibacterial siderophores secreted by endophytic fungi from Cymbidium aloifolium. Biomolecules 10:1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101412
Chowdhary K, Kaushik N (2018) Biodiversity study and potential of fungal endophytes of peppermint and effect of their extract on chickpea rot pathogens. Arch Phytopathol Plant Prot 51:139–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2018.1440707
Clark R, Lee SH (2016) Anticancer properties of capsaicin against human cancer. Anticancer Res 36:837–843
De A, Bose R, Kumar A, Mozumdar S (2014) Worldwide pesticide use. In: De A, Bose R (eds) Targeted delivery of pesticides using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles. Springer, Berlin, pp 5–6
Dhouib H, Zouari I, Abdallah DB, Belbahri L, Taktak W, Triki MA, Tounsi S (2019) Potential of a novel endophytic Bacillus velezensis in tomato growth promotion and protection against Verticillium wilt disease. Biol Control 139:104092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104092
Dubey A, Malla MA, Kumar A, Dayanandan S, Khan ML (2020) Plants endophytes: unveiling hidden agenda for bioprospecting toward sustainable agriculture. Crit Rev Biotechnol 40:1210–1231. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2020.1808584
Elias LM, Fortkamp D, Sartori SB, Ferreira MC, Gomes LH, Azevedo JL, Montoya QV, Rodrigues A, Ferreira AG, Lira SP (2018) The potential of compounds isolated from Xylaria spp. as antifungal agents against anthracnose. Braz J Microbiol 49:840–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2018.03.003
Elkahoui S, Djébali N, Tabbene O, Hadjbrahim A, Mnasri B, Mhamdi R, Limam F (2011) Screening of bacterial isolates collected from marine bio-films for antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Dyn Biochem Process Biotechnol Mol Boil 5:1–4
Elkahoui S, Djébali N, Yaich N, Azaiez S, Hammami M, Essid R, Limam F (2015) Antifungal activity of volatile compounds-producing Pseudomonas P2 strain against Rhizoctonia solani. World J Microb 31:175–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-014-1772-3
El-Tarabily KA, Nassar AH, Hardy GSJ, Sivasithamparam K (2009) Plant growth promotion and biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, a pathogen of cucumber, by endophytic actinomycetes. J Appl Microbiol 106:13–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03926.x
Fadiji AE, Babalola OO (2020) Elucidating mechanisms of endophytes used in plant protection and other bioactivities with multifunctional prospects. Front Bioeng Biotech 8:467. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00467
Fakhro A, Andrade-Linares DR, von Bargen S, Bandte M, Büttner C, Grosch R, Schwarz D, Franken P (2010) Impact of Piriformospora indica on tomato growth and on interaction with fungal and viral pathogens. Mycorrhiza 20:191–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-009-0279-5
FAO (2019) New standards to curb the global spread of plant pests and diseases. http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1187738/icode/. Accessed Nov 2021
Fávaro LCDL, Sebastianes FLDS, Araújo WL (2012) Epicoccum nigrum P16, a sugarcane endophyte, produces antifungal compounds and induces root growth. PLoS ONE 7(6):e36826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036826
Fira D, Dimkić I, Berić T, Lozo J, Stanković S (2018) Biological control of plant pathogens by Bacillus species. J Biotechnol 285:44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.044
Frank AC, Saldierna Guzmán JP, Shay JE (2017) Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes Microorganisms 5:70. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040070
Gaiero JR, McCall CA, Thompson KA, Day NJ, Best AS, Dunfield KE (2013) Inside the root microbiome: bacterial root endophytes and plant growth promotion. Am J Bot 100:1738–1750. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200572
Gao F, Dai CC, Liu XZ (2010) Mechanisms of fungal endophytes in plant protection against pathogens. Afr J Microbiol Res 4:1346–1351. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR.9000480
Hardoim PR, van Overbeek LS, van Elsas JD (2008) Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in plant growth. Trends Microbiol 16:463–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2008.07.008
Hardoim PR, Van Overbeek LS, Berg G, Pirttilä AM, Compant S, Campisano A, Döring M, Sessitsch A (2015) The hidden world within plants: ecological and evolutionary considerations for defining functioning of microbial endophytes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 79:293–320. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00050-14
Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Radhakrishnan R, Kumar A (2017) Plant defense approach of Bacillus subtilis (BERA 71) against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid in mung bean. J Plant Interact 12:390–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2017.1373871
Hazarika DJ, Goswami G, Gautom T, Parveen A, Das P, Barooah M, Boro RC (2019) Lipopeptide mediated biocontrol activity of endophytic Bacillus subtilis against fungal phytopathogens. BMC Microbiol 19:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1440-8
Heinig U, Scholz S, Jennewein S (2013) Getting to the bottom of Taxol biosynthesis by fungi. Fungal Divers 60:161–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0228-7
Hong CE, Park JM (2016) Endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens: current state-of-the-art. Plant Biotechnol Rep 10:353–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-016-0423-6
Iniguez AL, Dong Y, Carter HD, Ahmer BM, Stone JM, Triplett EW (2005) Regulation of enteric endophytic bacterial colonization by plant defenses. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 18:169–178. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-18-0169
Jaber LR, Ownley BH (2018) Can we use entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes for dual biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens? Biol Control 116:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.01.018
Jasim B, Benny R, Sabu R, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK (2016) Metabolite and mechanistic basis of antifungal property exhibited by endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BmB 1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 179:830–845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2034-7
Johnston-Monje D, Raizada MN (2011) Conservation and diversity of seed associated endophytes in Zea across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology. PLoS ONE 6:e20396. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020396
Kandel SL, Joubert PM, Doty SL (2017) Bacterial endophyte colonization and distribution within plants. Microorganisms 5:77. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040077
Kaushik N, Díaz CE, Chhipa H, Julio LF, Andrés MF, González-Coloma A (2020) Chemical composition of an Aphid antifeedant extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671. Microorganisms 8(3):420. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030420
Khan SU (2016) Pesticides in the soil environment. Elsevier
Kharwar RN, Verma VC, Kumar A, Gond SK, Harper JK, Hess WM, Lobkovosky E, Ma C, Ren Y, Strobel GA (2008) Javanicin, an antibacterial naphthaquinone from an endophytic fungus of neem, Chloridium sp. Curr Microbiol 58:233–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-008-9313-7
Kong Z, Mohamad OA, Deng Z, Liu X, Glick BR, Wei G (2015) Rhizobial symbiosis effect on the growth, metal uptake, and antioxidant responses of Medicago lupulina under copper stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:12479–12489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4530-7
Kumar S, Kaushik N (2013) Endophytic fungi isolated from oil-seed crop Jatropha curcas produces oil and exhibit antifungal activity. PLoS ONE 8(2):e56202. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056202
Kumar S, Kaushik N, Proksch P (2013) Identification of antifungal principle in the solvent extract of an endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum from Withania somnifera. SpringerPlus. 2:37. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-37
Kumar V, Jain L, Jain SK, Chaturvedi S, Kaushal P (2020) Bacterial endophytes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their potential for plant growth promotion and antagonistic activities. S Afr J Bot 134:50–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.02.017
Kusari S, Hertweck C, Spiteller M (2012) Chemical ecology of endophytic fungi: origins of secondary metabolites. Chem Biol 19:792–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.06.004
Leylaie S, Zafari D (2018) Antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites and phylogenetic study of endophytic Trichoderma species from Vinca plants. Front Microbiol 9:1484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01484
Li G, Kusari S, Lamshöft M, Schüffler A, Laatsch H, Spiteller M (2014) Antibacterial secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus, Eupenicillium sp. LG41. J Nat Prod 77:2335–2341. https://doi.org/10.1021/np500111w
Li W, Yang X, Yang Y, Duang R, Chen G, Li X, Li Q, Qin S, Li S, Zhao L, Ding Z (2016) Anti-phytopathogen, multi-target acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of metabolites from endophytic Chaetomium globosum. Nat Prod Res 30:2616–2619. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1129328
Liu H, Carvalhais LC, Crawford M, Singh E, Dennis PG, Pieterse CM, Schenk PM (2017) Inner plant values: diversity, colonization and benefits from endophytic bacteria. Fron Microbial 8:2552. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02552
Ludwig-Müller J (2015) Plants and endophytes: equal partners in secondary metabolite production? Biotechnol Lett 37:1325–1334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1814-4
Lugtenberg BJ, Caradus JR, Johnson LJ (2016) Fungal endophytes for sustainable crop production. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw194
Macagnan D, Romeiro RDS, Pomella AW, Desouza JT (2008) Production of lytic enzymes and siderophores, and inhibition of germination of basidiospores of Moniliophthora (ex Crinipellis) perniciosa by phylloplaneactinomycetes. Biol Control 47:309–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.08.016
Malfanova N, Kamilova F, Validov S, Shcherbakov A, Chebotar V, Tikhonovich I, Lugtenberg B (2011) Characterization of Bacillus subtilis HC8, a novel plant-beneficial endophytic strain from giant hogweed. Microb Biotechnol 4:523–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00253.x
Malfanova N, Lugtenberg B, Berg G (2013) Bacterial endophytes: who and where, and what are they doing there. In: de Bruijn FJ (ed) Endophytic bacteria with plant growth promoting and biocontrol abilities, by Malfanova N. John Wiley & Sons Inc, USA, pp 15–37
Martinuz A, Schouten A, Sikora R (2012) Systemically induced resistance and microbial competitive exclusion: implications on biological control. Phytopathology 102:260–266. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-11-0120
Massawe VC, Hanif A, Farzand A, Mburu DK, Ochola SO, Wu L, Tahir HAS, Gu Q, Wu H, Gao X (2018) Volatile compounds of endophytic Bacillus spp. have biocontrol activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathology 108:1373–1385. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-18-0118-R
McMullin DR, Green BD, Prince NC, Tanney JB, Miller JD (2017) Natural products of Picea endophytes from the Acadian Forest. J Nat Prod 80:1475–1483. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01157
Mnasri N, Chennaoui C, Gargouri S, Mhamdi R, Hessini K, Elkahoui S, Djébali N (2017) Efficacy of some rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria in vitro and as seed coating for the control of Fusarium culmorum infecting durum wheat in Tunisia. Eur J Plant Pathol 147:501–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-1018-3
Mondol MA, Shin HJ, Islam MT (2013) Diversity of secondary metabolites from marine Bacillus species: chemistry and biological activity. Mar Drugs 11:2846–2872. https://doi.org/10.3390/md11082846
Mousa WK, Shearer CR, Limay-Rios V, Zhou T, Raizada MN (2015) Bacterial endophytes from wild maize suppress Fusarium graminearum in modern maize and inhibit mycotoxin accumulation. Front Plant Sci 6:805. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00805
Mousa WK, Schwan AL, Raizada MN (2016) Characterization of antifungal natural products isolated from endophytic fungi of finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Molecules 21:1171. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21091171
Murphy BR, Doohan FM, Hodkinson TR (2015) Persistent fungal root endophytes isolated from a wild barley species suppress seed-borne infections in a barley cultivar. Biocontrol 60:281–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9642-3
Nieuwesteeg B (2015) Biological Control of Fungal Plant Pathogens by Tomato Endosphere Bacteria. Wageningen, Netherlands
Norman-Setterblad C, Vidal S, Palva ET (2000) Interacting signal pathways control defense gene expression in Arabidopsis in response to cell wall-degrading enzymes from Erwinia carotovora. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:430–438. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.4.430
Orr D, Lahiri S (2014) Biological control of insect pests in crops. In: Integrated pest management. Academic Press, pp. 531–548
Pieterse CM, Van Der Does D, Zamioudis C, Leon-Reyes A, Van Wees SC (2012) Hormonal modulation of plant immunity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154055
Pitzschke A (2018) Molecular dynamics in germinating, endophyte-colonized quinoa seeds. Plant Soil 422:135–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3184-2
Qu HR, Yang WW, Zhang XQ, Lu ZH, Deng ZS, Guo ZY, Cao F, Zou K, Proksch P (2020) Antibacterial bisabolane sesquiterpenoids and isocoumarin derivatives from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis prunorum. Phytochem Lett 37:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2020.03.003
Raaijmakers JM, Mazzola M (2012) Diversity and natural functions of antibiotics produced by beneficial and plant pathogenic bacteria. Annu Rev Phytopathol 50:403–424. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172908
Rajkumar M, Ae N, Prasad MNV, Freitas H (2010) Potential of siderophore-producing bacteria for improving heavy metal phytoextraction. Trends Biotechnol 828:142–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.12.002
Romero FM, Rossi FR, Gárriz A, Carrasco P, Ruíz OA (2019) A bacterial endophyte from apoplast fluids protects canola plants from different phytopathogens via antibiosis and induction of host resistance. Phytopathology 109:375–383. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-18-0262-R
Rondot Y, Reineke A (2019) Endophytic Beauveria bassiana activates expression of defense genes in grapevine and prevents infections by grapevine downy mildew Plasmopara viticola. Plant Pathol 68:1719–1731. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13089
Sapak Z, Sariah M, Ahmad ZAM (2008) Effect of endophytic bacteria on growth and suppression of Ganoderma infection in oil palm. Int J Agric Biol 10:127–132
Sarsaiya S, Jain A, Fan X, Jia Q, Xu Q, Shu F, Zhou Q, Shi J, Chen J (2020) New insights into detection of a dendrobine compound from a novel endophytic Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain and its toxicity against phytopathogenic bacteria. Front Microbiol 11:337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00337
Saxena S (2014) Microbial metabolites for development of ecofriendly agrochemicals. Allelopath J 33:1–24
Selim KA, El Ghwas DE, Selim RM, Hassan MIA (2017) Microbial volatile in defense. In: Choudhary DK (ed) Volatiles and Food Security. Springer, Singapore, pp 135–170
Sharma A, Kumar V, Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Sidhu GP, Handa N, Kohli SK, Yadav P, Bali AS, Parihar RD, Dar OI (2019) Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem. SN Appl Sci 1:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1
Sharma A, Kaushik N, Sharma A, Bajaj A, Rasane M, Shouche YS, Marzouk T, Djébali N (2021) Screening of tomato seed bacterial endophytes for antifungal activity reveals lipopeptide producing Bacillus siamensis strain NKIT9 as a potential bio-control agent. Front Microbiol 12:1228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.609482
Shentu X, Zhan X, Ma Z, Yu X, Zhang C (2014) Antifungal activity of metabolites of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma brevicompactum from garlic. Braz J Microbiol 45:248–254
Singh M, Kumar A, Singh R, Pandey KD (2017) Endophytic bacteria: a new source of bioactive compounds. Biotech 7(5):315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0942-z
Slama HB, Cherif-Silini H, Chenari Bouket A, Qader M, Silini A, Yahiaoui B, Alenezi FN, Luptakova L, Triki MA, Vallat A, Oszako T (2019) Screening for Fusarium antagonistic bacteria from contrasting niches designated the endophyte Bacillus halotolerans as plant warden against Fusarium. Front Microbiol 9:3236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03236
Tareq FS, Lee MA, Lee HS, Lee JS, Lee YJ, Shin HJ (2014) Gageostatins A-C, Antimicrobial linear lipopeptides from a marine Bacillus subtilis. Mar Drugs 12:871–885. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12020871
Trdá L, Fernandez O, Boutrot F, Héloir MC, Kelloniemi J, Daire X, Adrian M, Clément C, Zipfel C, Dorey S, Poinssot B (2014) The grapevine flagellin receptor VvFLS2 differentially recognizes flagellin-derived epitopes from the endophytic growth-promoting bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans and plant pathogenic bacteria. New Phytol 201:1371–1384. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12592
Vági P, Knapp DG, Kósa A, Seress D, Horváth ÁN, Kovács GM (2014) Simultaneous specific in planta visualization of root-colonizing fungi using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Mycorrhiza 24:259–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0533-8
Vandenkoornhuyse P, Quaiser A, Duhamel M, Le Van A, Dufresne A (2015) The importance of the microbiome of the plant holobiont. New Phytol. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13312
Wahla V, Shukla S (2017) Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria: Boon to agriculture. Environ Conserv J 18:107–114
Wang N, Liu M, Guo L, Yang X, Qiu D (2016) A novel protein elicitor (PeBA1) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NC6 induces systemic resistance in tobacco. Int J Biol Sci 12:757
Xiao Y, Li HX, Li C, Wang JX, Li J, Wang MH, Ye YH (2013) Antifungal screening of endophytic fungi from Ginkgo biloba for discovery of potent anti-phytopathogenic fungicides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 339:130–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12065
Xu Y, Liu F, Zhu S, Li X (2018) The maize NBS-LRR gene ZmNBS25 enhances disease resistance in rice and Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 9:1033. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01033
Yadav AN (2018) Biodiversity and biotechnological applications of host specific endophytic fungi for sustainable agriculture and allied sectors. Acta Sci Microbiol 1:44
Young CA, Hume DE, McCulley RL (2013) Forages and pastures symposium: fungal endophytes of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass: pasture friend or foe? J Anim Sci 91:2379–2394. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5951
Zhao Y, Selvaraj JN, Xing F, Zhou L, Wang Y, Song H, Tan X, Sun L, Sangare L, Folly YME, Liu Y (2014) Antagonistic action of Bacillus subtilis strain SG6 on Fusarium graminearum. PLoS ONE 9:e92486. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092486
Zhou H, Cong B, Tian Y, He Y, Yang H (2019) Characterization of novel cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. SY27F. Process Biochem 83:206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.015
Funding
The financial support was provided by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India under Project No. DST/INT/TUNISIA/P-04/2017 and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research under the TOMendo Project to Dr. Nutan Kaushik and Dr. Naceur Djébali, respectively.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
AyS wrote the manuscript. TM finalized the tables. The review has been checked and revised by NK, AS and ND.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript.
Informed consent
We affirm that all the authors have seen, prepared, and agreed to the submission of the paper and their inclusion of name(s) as co-author(s). We also declare that there are no conflicts of interest for the same.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, A., Kaushik, N., Sharma, A. et al. Exploring the potential of endophytes and their metabolites for bio-control activity. 3 Biotech 12, 277 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03321-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03321-0