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Biorefinery-Fermentation of Agro-Wastes by Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2 MG076878 to Haloextremozymes for use as Biofertilizer and Biosynthesizer of AgNPs

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Abstract

Purpose

The green biorefinery approach is an alternative to the chemical method of production of enzyme-rich hydrolysate from waste biomass. Specifically, feather and coconut oil cake (COC) hydrolysate manifests the generation of bioproducts like dietary fibers, biofertilizers, bioplastics, esters, nanoparticles, etc.

Methods

We scaled up the production of haloextremozyme-rich hydrolysates using Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2 MG076878 in an economical bioreactor for valuation as biofertilizer for rice growth and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), showing antimicrobial activity.

Results

The strain solubilizes 10% feather and COC with 78.75 ± 0.717% and 88.35 ± 0.654% degradation after 20 days, respectively. Moreover, tangential filtration aided co-concentration of both protease and lipase from feather/COC hydrolysate to >70% yield. SEM of feather/COC hydrolysate depicted particle size ranging 100-10000 nm. FTIR evidenced the functional groups of >C=O, -CH, -NH, -CH3, OH, and COO−. Priming seeds of rice with feather hydrolysate resulted in 100% germination energy and higher vigor index (1214), alongside increased shoot length (43.2 ± 0.58) under saline conditions. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed absorption maxima at 440 nm and vibrations of -CH, -OH, -NH, >C=C, and >C=O functionality in FTIR. AFM depicted the semi-oval morphology of AgNPs with a maximum height of 22 nm. Also, the presence of silver was confirmed by SEM-EDAX. AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against human pathogens as; C. albicans>S. aureus>S. pyogenes>E. coli ATCC 8439>P.vulgaris, and S.typhi.

Conclusion

Conclusively, the production of haloextremozyme-rich feather and COC hydrolysate via the biorefinery approach employing  Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2; is lucrative, considering waste valorization and biosynthesis of bioproducts in biotechnological applications.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank Mr. Naveen Gaonkar, Project Assistant, BITS PILANI, Goa- India, for providing saline soil and Rice (Khorgut) from his field of Panchawadi-Village, Shiroda-Goa. S.K Gaonkar, thank Dr. Vivekanand Gobre for helping in doing AFM analysis at the School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University. S. K Gaonkar also thanks Mr. Aniketh Gaonkar, Research Scholar, School of Physical and Applied Sciences for helping in the setting up of bioreactor. S. K. Gaonkar acknowledges Research studentship, Goa University (Grant No. GU/Acad-PG/Ph.D./Res.Stud./2017-18/211).

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Authors dedicate the paper to Prof. Joe D'Souza, Professor in Microbiology on the occasion of his 70 Birthday.

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Grant No. GU/Acad-PG/Ph.D./Res.Stud./2017-18/211.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Goa, India

    Sanket K. Gaonkar & Irene J. Furtado

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Author SKG designed, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. IJF helped in the data analysis and corrected the manuscript.

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Gaonkar, S.K., Furtado, I.J. Biorefinery-Fermentation of Agro-Wastes by Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2 MG076878 to Haloextremozymes for use as Biofertilizer and Biosynthesizer of AgNPs. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 1117–1133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01556-1

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