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BiAlO3-modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 high Curie temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced performance

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Abstract

BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have high piezoelectricity and high Curie temperature (TC), but the mixed-valence Fe ions and Bi3+ volatilization would promote the formation of Bi25FeO40/Bi2Fe4O9 and oxygen vacancy, which greatly degrade the insulation properties required for polarization. In this study, it was found that the modification of BiAlO3 (BA) in BF–BT ceramics could effectively solve these problems, reducing the leakage current to 1 × 10−9 A·cm−2 and transiting the space charge-limited conduction to ohmic conduction. Because of the enhanced insulation properties and appropriate rhombohedral-pseudocubic phase ratio (CR/CPC), BF–BT–xBA ceramics in an optimized composition obtain enhanced piezoelectric performance: piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) = 196 pC·N−1, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) = 31.1%, TC = 487 °C and depolarization temperature (Td) = 250 °C; unipolar strain (Suni) = 0.17% and piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33*) = 335 pm·V−1 at 100 °C. Especially, d33 exceeds 283 pC·N−1 at 233 °C and d33* is 335 pm·V−1 at 100 °C, showing an excellent high-temperature piezoelectricity and high depolarization temperature. The results are attributed to the domain structure of rhombohedral-pseudocubic phase coexistence and its high-temperature switching behavior. This work provides a feasible and effective approach to improve the high temperature piezoelectric properties of BF–BT–xBA ceramics, making them more suitable for high temperature applications.

Graphical abstract

摘要

BiFeO3-BaTiO3 (BF-BT) 具有高压电性和高居里温度(TC), 但铁离子变价和Bi3+挥发会促进Bi25FeO40/Bi2Fe4O9和氧空位的形成, 严重降低了极化所需的绝缘性能。本研究发现BiAlO3掺杂改性可以有效地将BF- BT基陶瓷的漏电流降低至10−9 A·cm−2, 其漏电流传导机制由空间电荷限制传导转变为缺陷浓度低的欧姆传导。由于绝缘性能的提高和合适的R-PC两相比例, BF-BT-0.03BA陶瓷具有优异的压电性能：d33 = 196 pC·N−1, kp = 31.1%, TC = 487 °C 和 Td = 250 ℃; 在 100 ℃时, Suni = 0.17% 和 dd33 = 335 pm·V−1。由于R-PC共存相特征的畴结构及其高温翻转, 233 ℃时获得的d33 = 283 pC·N−1和在100 ℃时获得的d33* = 335 pm·V−1, 均表眀BF-BT-xBA陶瓷具有良好的高温压电性能和较高的去极化温度, 该正向温度相关性使得BF-BT-xBA陶瓷更适用于高温环境。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52072028 and 52032007) and National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2022YFB3807400).

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  1. Xiao-Xiao Zhou and Yu-Cheng Tang have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Xiao-Xiao Zhou, Yu-Cheng Tang, Yi-Jin Hao, Meng-Ping Xue, Jun Pei, Xiao-Yan Peng & Bo-Ping Zhang

  2. Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China

    He-Zhang Li

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Refractories, China Iron & Steel Research Institute Group, Beijing, 100081, China

    Xiao-Yan Peng

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Zhou, XX., Tang, YC., Li, HZ. et al. BiAlO3-modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 high Curie temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced performance. Rare Met. 42, 3839–3850 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02407-9

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