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Detection of Norovirus Recombinant GII.2[P16] Strains in Oysters in Thailand

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Abstract

Human norovirus causes sporadic and epidemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide, and the predominant strains are genotype GII.4 variants. Recently, a novel GII.17[P17] and a recombinant GII.2[P16] strain have been reported as the causes of gastroenteritis outbreaks. Outbreaks of norovirus are frequently associated with foodborne illness. In this study, each of 75 oyster samples processed by a proteinase K extraction method and an adsorption-elution method were examined for noroviruses using RT-nested PCR with capsid primers. Thirteen (17.3%) samples processed by either method tested positive for norovirus genogroup II (GII). PCR amplicons were characterized by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis as GII.2 (n = 6), GII.4 (n = 1), GII.17 (n = 3), and GII.unclassified (n = 3). Norovirus-positive samples were further amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR targeting the polymerase-capsid genes. One nucleotide sequence revealed GII.17[P17] Kawasaki strain. Five nucleotide sequences were identified as belonging to the recombinant GII.2[P16] strains by recombination analysis. The collected oyster samples were quantified for norovirus GII genome copy number by RT-quantitative PCR. Using the proteinase K method, GII was found in 13/75 (17.3%) of samples with a range of 8.83–1.85 × 104 genome copies/g of oyster. One sample (1/75, 1.3%) processed by the adsorption-elution method was positive for GII at 5.00 × 101 genome copies/g. These findings indicate the circulation of a new variant GII.17 Kawasaki strain and the recombinant GII.2[P16] in oyster samples corresponding to the circulating strains reported at a global scale during the same period of time. The detection of the recombinant strains in oysters emphasizes the need for continuing systematic surveillance for control and prevention of norovirus gastroenteritis.

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Acknowledgements

The proof reading of this manuscript was supported by the Editorial Office, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University.

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This work was supported by a research grant from the Thai Government Budget through Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, fiscal years 2015–2017.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Leera Kittigul, Kannika Pombubpa & Jinthapha Thasiri

  2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Kitwadee Rupprom

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  1. Leera Kittigul
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Kittigul, L., Pombubpa, K., Rupprom, K. et al. Detection of Norovirus Recombinant GII.2[P16] Strains in Oysters in Thailand. Food Environ Virol 14, 59–68 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-022-09508-1

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