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Advances in imaging instrumentation for nuclear cardiology

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology Aims and scope

Abstract

Advances in imaging instrumentation and technology have greatly contributed to nuclear cardiology. Dedicated cardiac SPECT cameras incorporating novel, highly efficient detector, collimator, and system designs have emerged with the expansion of nuclear cardiology. Solid-state radiation detectors incorporating cadmium zinc telluride, which directly convert radiation to electrical signals and yield improved energy resolution and spatial resolution and enhanced count sensitivity geometries, are increasingly gaining favor as the detector of choice for application in dedicated cardiac SPECT systems. Additionally, hybrid imaging systems in which SPECT and PET are combined with X-ray CT are currently widely used, with PET/MRI hybrid systems having also been recently introduced. The improved quantitative SPECT/CT has the potential to measure the absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve. Rapid development of silicon photomultipliers leads to enhancement in PET image quality and count rates. In addition, the reduction of emission–transmission mismatch artifacts via application of accurate time-of-flight information, and cardiac motion de-blurring aided by anatomical images, are emerging techniques for further improvement of cardiac PET. This article reviews recent advances such as these in nuclear cardiology imaging instrumentation and technology, and the corresponding diagnostic benefits.

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Abbreviations

MPI:

Myocardial perfusion imaging

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

PMT:

Photomultiplier tube

CZT:

Cadmium zinc telluride

CAC:

Coronary artery calcium

MBF:

Myocardial blood flow

MFR:

Myocardial flow reserve

TOF:

Time-of-flight

APD:

Avalanche photodiode

SiPM:

Silicon photomultiplier

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank J-W Sohn for their assistance with manuscript preparation.

Disclosure

J.S. Lee, T. Sharir, and D.S. Lee have nothing to disclose. G. Kovalski is an employee of GE Healthcare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea

    Jae Sung Lee PhD & Dong Soo Lee MD, PhD

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Jae Sung Lee PhD

  3. General Electric Healthcare, Haifa, Israel

    Gil Kovalski PhD

  4. Department of Nuclear Cardiology, Assuta Medical Centers, 96 Igal Alon, C Building, 67891, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Tali Sharir MD

  5. Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Tali Sharir MD

  6. Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea

    Dong Soo Lee MD, PhD

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  1. Jae Sung Lee PhD
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  2. Gil Kovalski PhD
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Correspondence to Tali Sharir MD or Dong Soo Lee MD, PhD.

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Lee, J.S., Kovalski, G., Sharir, T. et al. Advances in imaging instrumentation for nuclear cardiology. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 26, 543–556 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-0979-8

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