Abstract
Toxic organic dyes-containing wastewater treatment by adsorption and photocatalytic techniques is widely applied, but adsorbents and photocatalysts are often synthesized through chemical methods, leading to secondary pollution by released chemicals. Here, we report a benign method using Tecoma stans floral extract to produce MgFe2O4/ZnO (MGFOZ) nanoparticles for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) dye. Green MGFOZ owned a surface area of 9.65 m2/g and an average grain size of 54 nm. This bio-based nanomaterial showed higher removal percentage and better recyclability (up to five cycles) than green MgFe2O4 and ZnO nanoparticles. CBB adsorption by MGFOZ was examined by kinetic and isotherm models with better fittings of Bangham and Langmuir or Temkin. RSM-based optimization was conducted to reach an actual adsorption capacity of 147.68 mg/g. Moreover, MGFOZ/visible light system showed a degradation efficiency of 89% CBB dye after 120 min. CBB adsorption can be controlled by both physisorption and chemisorption while •O2- and •OH radicals are responsible for photo-degradation of CBB dye. This study suggested that MGFOZ can be a promising adsorbent and catalyst for removal of organic dyes in water.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors declare that all data and materials support their published claims and comply with field standards.
Code availability
The authors declare that software application or custom code supports their published claims and comply with field standards.
References
Adel M, Ahmed MA, Mohamed AA (2021a) Synthesis and characterization of magnetically separable and recyclable crumbled MgFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. J Phys Chem Solids 149:109760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109760
Adel M, Ahmed MA, Mohamed AA (2021b) Effective removal of indigo carmine dye from wastewaters by adsorption onto mesoporous magnesium ferrite nanoparticles. Environ Nanotechnology, Monit Manag 16:100550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100550
Ahmad N, Sultana S, Faisal SM et al (2019) Zinc oxide-decorated polypyrrole/chitosan bionanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer performance. RSC Adv 9:41135–41150. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06493a
Ahmad W, Pandey A, Ahmed S, Nur-e-Alam M (2023) Sambucus Canadensis leaf extract mediated synthesis and analysis of antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation property of stannous oxide nanoparticles. Nanotechnol Environ Eng 8:707–716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-023-00317-w
Akpomie KG, Conradie J (2021) Biosorption and regeneration potentials of magnetite nanoparticle loaded Solanum tuberosum peel for celestine blue dye. Int J Phytoremediation 23:347–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2020.1814198
Aldeen TS, Ahmed Mohamed HE, Maaza M (2022) ZnO nanoparticles prepared via a green synthesis approach: Physical properties, photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. J Phys Chem Solids 160:110313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2021.110313
Altıntıg E, Yenigun M, Sarı A et al (2021) Facile synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded activated carbon as an eco-friendly adsorbent for ultra-removal of malachite green from water. Environ Technol Innov 21:101305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101305
Álvarez-Chimal R, García-Pérez VI, Álvarez-Pérez MA, Arenas-Alatorre JÁ (2021) Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using a Dysphania ambrosioides extract. Structural characterization and antibacterial properties. Mater Sci Eng C 118:111540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111540
Aminian M, Nabatchian F, Vaisi-Raygani A, Torabi M (2013) Mechanism of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 binding to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: an interference with the Bradford assay. Anal Biochem 434:287–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2012.11.014
Andrade CA, Zambrano-Intriago LA, Oliveira NS et al (2020) Adsorption behavior and mechanism of oxytetracycline on rice husk ash: kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of the process. Water Air Soil Pollut 231:103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04473-6
Arshad J, Alzahrani FMA, Munir S et al (2023) Integration of 2D graphene oxide sheets with MgFe2O4/ZnO heterojunction for improved photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and benzoic acid. Ceram Int 49:18988–19002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.03.024
Balogun SW, James OO, Sanusi YK, Olayinka OH (2020) Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bashful (Mimosa pudica), leaf extract: a precursor for organic electronics applications. SN Appl Sci 2:504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2127-3
Banerjee S, Padhan S, Thangavel R (2022) Modifying the photocatalytic property of ZnO-based photoelectrodes by introducing MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 33:9277–9288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07277-4
Baradaran S, Sadeghi MT (2019) Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) degradation using hydrodynamic cavitation, hydrogen peroxide and activated persulfate (HC-H2O2-KPS) combined process. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 145:107674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.107674
Barzinjy AA, Azeez HH (2020) Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaf extract and zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt. SN Appl Sci 2:991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2813-1
Bhavyasree PG, Xavier TS (2021) Adsorption studies of Methylene Blue, Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and Congo Red dyes onto CuO/C nanocomposites synthesized via Vitex negundo Linn leaf extract. Curr Res Green Sustain Chem 4:100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100161
Bijekar S, Padariya HD, Yadav VK et al (2022) The state of the art and emerging trends in the wastewater treatment in developing nations. Water (Switzerland) 14:2537. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162537
Binaeian E, Babaee Zadvarzi S, Yuan D (2020) Anionic dye uptake via composite using chitosan-polyacrylamide hydrogel as matrix containing TiO2 nanoparticles; comprehensive adsorption studies. Int J Biol Macromol 162:150–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.158
Bui DXM, Nguyen UTP, Nguyen TTT et al (2023) Biosynthesis of green CuO@C nanocomposite using Combretum indicum flower extract for organic dye removal: adsorption performance, modeling, and recyclability studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29707-y
Chauhan M, Sharma B, Kumar R et al (2019) Green synthesis of CuO nanomaterials and their proficient use for organic waste removal and antimicrobial application. Environ Res 168:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.024
Chen R, Jalili Z, Tayebee R (2021) UV-visible light-induced photochemical synthesis of benzimidazoles by coomassie brilliant blue coated on W-ZnO@NH2nanoparticles. RSC Adv 11:16359–16375. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10843j
Das J, Das KC, Thakurata DG, Dhar SS (2022) Visible light-assisted degradation of binary mixture of dyes using purple tea-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Environ Qual Manag 32:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21803
Dhiman P, Rana G, Kumar A et al (2022) ZnO-based heterostructures as photocatalysts for hydrogen generation and depollution: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20:1047–1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01361-1
Ezzat AO, Tawfeek AM, Mohammad F, Al-Lohedan HA (2022) Modification of magnetite nanoparticles surface with multifunctional ionic liquids for coomassie brilliant blue R-250 dye removal from aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 358:119195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119195
Gur T, Meydan I, Seckin H et al (2022) Green synthesis, characterization and bioactivity of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles. Environ Res 204:111897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111897
He A, Lu R, Wang Y et al (2017) Adsorption characteristic of congo red onto magnetic MgFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared via the solution combustion and gel calcination process. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 17:3967–3974. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2017.13091
Janani B, Okla MK, Al-Amri SS et al (2022) Designing novel MgFe2O4 coupled V2O5 nanorod for synergetic photodegradation of tetracycline with enhanced visible-light energy harvesting: Photoluminescence, kinetics, intrinsic mechanism and bactericidal effect. Chemosphere 296:134012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134012
Joulaei M, Hedayati K, Ghanbari D (2019) Investigation of magnetic, mechanical and flame retardant properties of polymeric nanocomposites: Green synthesis of MgFe2O4 by lime and orange extracts. Compos Part B Eng 176:107345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107345
Karaer H, Kaya I (2016) Synthesis, characterization of magnetic chitosan/active charcoal composite and using at the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive blue4. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 232:26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.06.006
Karthik KV, Raghu AV, Reddy KR et al (2022) Green synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles and its application for the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous organic pollutants. Chemosphere 287:132081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132081
Kiani A, Nabiyouni G, Masoumi S, Ghanbari D (2019) A novel magnetic MgFe2O4–MgTiO3 perovskite nanocomposite: rapid photo-degradation of toxic dyes under visible irradiation. Compos Part B Eng 175:107080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107080
Kim S-H, Choi P-P (2017) Enhanced Congo red dye removal from aqueous solutions using iron nanoparticles: adsorption, kinetics, and equilibrium studies. Dalton Trans 46:15470–15479. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT02076G
Lotfollahzadeh R, Yari M, Sedaghat S, Delbari AS (2021) Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles for the removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solutions using Oenothera biennis water extract. J Nanostructure Chem 11:693–706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-021-00393-x
Manohar A, Krishnamoorthi C (2017) Photocatalytic study and superparamagnetic nature of Zn-doped MgFe 2 O 4 colloidal size nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal reflux method. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 173:456–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.025
Manohar A, Vijayakanth V, Pallavolu MR, Kim KH (2021) Effects of Ni - substitution on structural, magnetic hyperthermia, photocatalytic and cytotoxicity study of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Alloys Compd 879:160515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160515
Marcelo LR, de Gois JS, da Silva AA, Cesar DV (2021) Synthesis of iron-based magnetic nanocomposites and applications in adsorption processes for water treatment: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19:1229–1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01134-2
Mohamad Yusop MF, Tamar Jaya MA, Idris I et al (2023) Optimization and mass transfer simulation of remazol brilliant blue R dye adsorption onto meranti wood based activated carbon. Arab J Chem 16:104683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104683
Mohamed WAA, Abd El-Gawad HH, Mekkey SD et al (2021) Zinc oxide quantum dots: Confinement size, photophysical and tunning optical properties effect on photodecontamination of industrial organic pollutants. Opt Mater (Amst) 118:111242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111242
Mokhtari-Shourijeh Z, Langari S, Montazerghaem L et al (2020) Synthesis of porous aminated PAN/PVDF composite nanofibers by electrospinning: characterization and Direct Red 23 removal. J Environ Chem Eng 8:103876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103876
Mousavi-Kouhi SM, Beyk-Khormizi A, Amiri MS et al (2021) Silver-zinc oxide nanocomposite: from synthesis to antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Ceram Int 47:21490–21497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.160
Nguyen DTC, Le HTN, Nguyen TT et al (2021) Multifunctional ZnO nanoparticles bio-fabricated from Canna indica L. flowers for seed germination, adsorption, and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. J Hazard Mater 420:126586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126586
Nguyen NTT, Nguyen LM, Nguyen TTT et al (2023) Green synthesis of ZnFe2O4@ZnO nanocomposites using Chrysanthemum spp. floral waste for photocatalytic dye degradation. J Environ Manag 326:116746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116746
Nishikawa M, Shiroishi W, Honghao H et al (2017) Probability of Probability of two-step Photoexcitation of Electron from Valence Band to Conduction Band through Doping Level in TiO 2. J Phys Chem A 121:5991–5997. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05214
Pai S, Kini SM, Narasimhan MK et al (2021) Structural characterization and adsorptive ability of green synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles to remove Acid blue 113 dye. Surf Interfaces 23:100947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.100947
Patil S, Anantharaju KS, Rangappa D et al (2020) Magnetic Eu-doped MgFe2O4 nanomaterials: An investigation of their structural, optical and enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Environ Nanotechnology, Monit Manag 13:100268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100268
Pillai AM, Sivasankarapillai VS, Rahdar A et al (2020) Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial and antifungal activity. J Mol Struct 1211:128107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128107
Prasetyo H, Norrdin MNAM, Othman MHD et al (2022) Technologies for treating wastewater from textile industry: a review. Mater Today Proc 65:3066–3072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.214
Qamar MA, Shahid S, Javed M et al (2021) Designing of highly active g-C3N4/Ni-ZnO photocatalyst nanocomposite for the disinfection and degradation of the organic dye under sunlight radiations. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp 614:126176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126176
Rabeie B, Mahmoodi NM (2024) Heterogeneous MIL-88A on MIL-88B hybrid: A promising eco-friendly hybrid from green synthesis to dual application (Adsorption and photocatalysis) in tetracycline and dyes removal. J Colloid Interface Sci 654:495–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.060
Ramesh P, Saravanan K, Manogar P et al (2021) Green synthesis and characterization of biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial potential. Sens Bio-Sensing Res 31:100399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100399
Rashki S, Abbas Alshamsi H, Amiri O et al (2021) Eco-friendly green synthesis of ZnO/GQD nanocomposites using Protoparmeliopsis muralis extract for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. J Mol Liq 335:116195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116195
Rashtbari Y, Hazrati S, Azari A et al (2020) A novel, eco-friendly and green synthesis of PPAC-ZnO and PPAC-nZVI nanocomposite using pomegranate peel: Cephalexin adsorption experiments, mechanisms, isotherms and kinetics. Adv Powder Technol 31:1612–1623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.02.001
Rawat S, Singh J (2021) Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Plumeria and Jatropha: Characterization and Investigation of Their Adsorption, Regeneration and Catalytic Degradation Efficiencies. Bionanoscience 11:1142–1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-021-00894-7
Reghioua A, Barkat D, Jawad AH et al (2021a) Parametric optimization by Box–Behnken design for synthesis of magnetic chitosan-benzil/ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and textile dye removal. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105166
Reghioua A, Barkat D, Jawad AH et al (2021b) Magnetic Chitosan-Glutaraldehyde/Zinc Oxide/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite: optimization and adsorptive mechanism of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye removal. J Polym Environ 29:3932–3947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02160-z
Seerangaraj V, Sathiyavimal S, Shankar SN et al (2021) Cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on Ruellia tuberosa: photocatalytic degradation properties against crystal violet and coomassie brilliant blue. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105088
Sellaoui L, Dhaouadi F, Reynel-Avila HE et al (2021) Physicochemical assessment of anionic dye adsorption on bone char using a multilayer statistical physics model. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:67248–67255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15264-9
Sharma AK, Dhiman A, Nayak AK et al (2022) Environmentally benign approach for the efficient sequestration of methylene blue and coomassie brilliant blue using graphene oxide emended gelatin/κ-carrageenan hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 219:353–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.216
Shoaib M, Munir MA, Naz MY et al (2023) Testing of Magnetic ZnO/MgFe2O4 Heterostructures for Photocatalytic Removal of Synthetic Dye Pollutants from Wastewater. Water Air Soil Pollut 234:422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06467-6
Shojaei M, Esmaeili H (2022) Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of zeolite/activated carbon@MnO2 composite as a novel adsorbent for treatment of wastewater containing methylene blue and brilliant blue. Environ Monit Assess 194:279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09930-9
Shunmuga Priya R, Ranjith Kumar E, Balamurugan A, Srinivas C (2021) Green synthesized MgFe2O4 ferrites nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process 127:538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04699-z
Singh K, Singh J, Rawat M (2019) Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Punica Granatum leaf extract and its application towards photocatalytic degradation of Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 dye. SN Appl Sci 1:624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0610-5
Su NR, Lv P, Li M et al (2014) Fabrication of MgFe2O4-ZnO heterojunction photocatalysts for application of organic pollutants. Mater Lett 122:201–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.12.106
Su W, Li Z, Gong T et al (2023) An alternative ZnO with large specific surface area: preparation, physicochemical characterization and effects on growth performance, diarrhea, zinc metabolism and gut barrier function of weaning piglets. Sci Total Environ 882:163558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163558
Sun M, Ma J, Zhang M et al (2020) Thiourea-modified Fe3O4/graphene oxide nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent for recycling Coomassie brilliant blue from aqueous solutions. Mater Chem Phys 241:122450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122450
Surya RM, Yulizar Y, Cahyana AH, Apriandanu DOB (2021) One-pot Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. leaf extract-mediated preparation of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles: Optical, structural, morphological and particle size analyses. Solid State Commun 326:114170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2020.114170
Syahirah Kamarudin N, Jusoh R, Dina Setiabudi H et al (2019) Potential nanomaterials application in wastewater treatment: physical, chemical and biological approaches. Mater Today Proc 42:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.221
Syed A, Elgorban AM, Bahkali AH, Zaghloul NSS (2021) Coupling of nano-spinel MgFe2O4 on Co3O4 for heterogeneous photocatalysis and antibacterial applications: insights of optoelectrical properties. Colloids Interface Sci Commun 44:100467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100467
Taghavi Fardood S, Moradnia F, Forootan R et al (2022) Facile green synthesis, characterization and visible light photocatalytic activity of MgFe2O4@CoCr2O4 magnetic nanocomposite. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 423:113621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113621
Theophil Anand G, Renuka D, Ramesh R et al (2019) Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle using Prunus dulcis (Almond Gum) for antimicrobial and supercapacitor applications. Surf Interfaces 17:100376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100376
Tomboc GM, Zhang X, Choi S et al (2022) Stabilization, characterization, and electrochemical applications of high-entropy oxides: critical assessment of crystal phase–properties relationship. Adv Funct Mater 32:2205142. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202205142
Vaish G, Kripal R, Kumar L (2019) EPR and optical studies of pure MgFe2O4 and ZnO nanoparticles and MgFe2O4–ZnO nanocomposite. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 30:16518–16526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02028-y
Vaish G, Kripal R, Kumar L (2021) Comprehensive study of magnetic and optoelectronic properties of MgFe2O4–TiO2 nanocomposites. Mater Chem Phys 271:124911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124911
Vignesh S, Eniya P, Srinivasan M et al (2021) Fabrication of Ag/Ag2O incorporated graphitic carbon nitride based ZnO nanocomposite for enhanced Z-scheme photocatalytic performance of various organic pollutants and bacterial disinfection. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105996
Wang H, Xing H, Yan K et al (2022) Oyster shell derived hydroxyapatite microspheres as an effective adsorbent for remediation of Coomassie brilliant blue. Adv Powder Technol 33:103425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2022.103425
Yadav A, Bagotia N, Yadav S et al (2022a) In-situ fabrication of surfactant modified CNT-based novel bio-composite and its performance evaluation for simultaneous removal of anionic dyes: optimization by Box-Behnken design. Sep Purif Technol 284:120262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120262
Yadav S, Yadav A, Bagotia N et al (2022b) Simultaneous adsorption of three anionic dyes at neutral pH from their individual and multi-component systems on a CTAB modified Pennisetum glaucum based carbon nanotube green composite: adsorption mechanism and process optimization by Box-Behnken design. J Mol Liq 358:119223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119223
Yudasari N, Tresna WP, Sugiarto IT et al (2022) Photocatalytic degradation of blue dyes using simple and biocompatible synthesized ZnO Nanorods/Zn photocatalysts under tube luminescent lamp. AIP Conf Proc 2652:050002. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0106465
Acknowledgements
This research is funded by Foundation for Science and Technology Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam under grant No. 2023.01.186/HĐ-KHCN.
Funding
There was no external funding for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Giang Thanh Tran: Writing - original draft, conceptualization, investigation, methodology
Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen: Validation, data curation
Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen: Validation, English editing
Thuan Van Tran: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, conceptualization, supervision, project administration.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that
• The manuscript has not been published anywhere nor submitted to another journal.
• The manuscript is not currently being considered for publication in any another journal.
• All authors have been personally and actively involved in substantive work leading to the manuscript, and will hold themselves jointly and individually responsible for its content.
• Research does not involve any Human Participants and/or Animals.
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: George Z. Kyzas
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
Supplementary file 1
(DOCX 2311 kb)
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Tran, G.T., Nguyen, T.T.T., Nguyen, D.T.C. et al. Tecoma stans floral extract-mediated synthesis of MgFe2O4/ZnO nanoparticles for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of coomassie brilliant blue dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 26806–26823 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32780-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32780-6