Abstract
Rising worldwide concern about the quantity and quality of water available to living beings calls for efficient technologies of water treatment. Nanomaterials are promising adsorbents to remove contamination from aqueous solution, and magnetic nanomaterials based on iron have attracted attention because magnetic materials are easy to separate. Here, we review iron magnetic nanomaterials applied for water and wastewater treatment, with focus on toxic elements, pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Major advances are: coprecipitation is the most used method for synthesis of iron magnetic nanoparticles, followed by solvothermal and hydrothermal methods. Magnetite is the most common magnetic nanoparticles applied as magnetic adsorbent. In general, magnetic nanocomposites are superparamagnetic, and the highest magnetization is sought for core–shell structures, reaching 65 emu/g. Most reports focus on removal of toxic metals. Adsorption is explained by the Langmuir isothermal model, kinetic patterns being correlated with pseudo-second-order equations. Overall, iron-based magnetic nanocomposites display promising performances for pollutant removal, yet few investigations report the toxic impacts of magnetic nanoparticles on the environment.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (E-26/202.755/2019), and Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Programa Pro-Ciencia) for their financial support. JSG has a research scholarship from CNPq (304869/2019-8). JSG and DVC have a research grant from UERJ (ProgramaPró-Ciência). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—FinanceCode 001.
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LRM was involved in conceptualization and writing—original draft preparation. JSG helped in idea for the article, conceptualization, writing—review and editing, and supervision. AA S contributed to writing—review and editing. DVC was involved in conceptualization and writing—review and editing.
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Marcelo, L.R., de Gois, J.S., da Silva, A.A. et al. Synthesis of iron-based magnetic nanocomposites and applications in adsorption processes for water treatment: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 1229–1274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01134-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01134-2