Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a toxic manmade chemical compound belonging to pyrethroid insecticides contaminating the environment. Plantago major (PM) has numerous excellent advantages like high biomass yield and great stress tolerance, which make it able to increase the efficacy of phytoremediation. So far, no study has directly or indirectly made a transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of PM under CYP stress. The aim of this study is to identify the genes in PM related to CYP detoxification (10 μg mL−1) and compared with control. In this study, BGISEQ-500 high-throughput sequencing technology independently developed by BGI was used to sequence the transcriptome of P. major. Six libraries were constructed including (CK_1, CK_2, and CK_3) and (CYP_1, CYP_2, and CYP_3) were sequenced for transcripts involved in CYP detoxification. Our data showed that de novo assembly generated 138,806 unigenes with an average length of 1129 bp. Analyzing the annotation results of the KEGG database between the samples revealed 37,177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 18,062 down- and 19,115 upregulated under CYP treatment compared with control. A set of 107 genes of cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450), 43 genes of glutathione S-transferases (GST), 25 genes of glycosyltransferases (GTs), 113 genes from ABC transporters, 21 genes from multidrug and toxin efflux (MATE), 11 genes from oligopeptide transporter (OPT), and 3 genes of metallothioneins (MT) were upregulated notably. By using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the results of gene expression for 12 randomly selected DEGs were confirmed, showing the different patterns of response to CYP in PM tissues. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of Cyt P450 and GST in PM under CYP stress was significantly increased in roots and leaves than in control. This study introduces a clue to understand the metabolic pathways of plants used in phytoremediation by identifying the highly expressed genes related to phytoremediation which would be utilized to enhance pesticide detoxification and reduce pollution problem.
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Availability of data and materials
All data generated or analyzed during the current study are included in this article and its supplementary information files. The raw reads have been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database, and the accessions for our submission are STUDY: PRJNA640194, EXPERIMENT: CK_1 (SAMN15310622), CK_2 (SAMN15310623), CK_3 (SAMN15310624) and CYP_1 (SAMN15310625), CYP_2 (SAMN15310626), and CYP_3 (SAMN15310627). These datasets were derived from the following public domain resources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=PRJNA640194.
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This study was funded by the grant of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672055) and the grant of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017 YFD0201402) from Science and Technology Ministry of China.
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A. Aioub and YL designed the experiment in the greenhouse and collected the samples. A. Aioub and YZ analyzed the transcriptome results. N. Essmat and XQ contributed to the interpretation of the results and to the writing of the manuscript. XZ and WW designed the enzyme activity assay. ZH supervised the study. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript
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BGISEQ-500 data has been submitted to the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under accession number PRJNA640194.
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Aioub, A.A.A., Zuo, Y., Li, Y. et al. Transcriptome analysis of Plantago major as a phytoremediator to identify some genes related to cypermethrin detoxification. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 5101–5115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10774-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10774-4