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Role of Plant Genotype and Soil Conditions in Symbiotic Plant-Microbe Interactions for Adaptation of Plants to Cadmium-Polluted Soils

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Abstract

We highlighted some of the key problems associated with the use of beneficial microorganisms for improving adaptation of plants to soils, polluted with heavy metals (HMs), especially Cd. Inoculation of pea line SGE and its Cd-tolerant mutant SGECdt with nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae demonstrated that nodulation process may be disturbed at Cd concentrations below threshold toxicity levels for each partner and the plant genotype plays a major role in nodulation under Cd stress. A comparative mathematical analysis of available information about Cd tolerance, accumulation of HMs (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn), response to mycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. and 15 phenotypic traits of 99 pea varieties revealed that (1) the Cd-sensitive varieties were more efficient in exploring the protective potential of symbiosis to compensate their deficit in Cd tolerance and (2) correlations between the studied traits exist and can be helpful for selection of plant-microbe systems adapted to polluted soils. In pot experiment with 11 varieties of Indian mustard, the plant growth-promoting effect of rhizobacterium Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2 negatively correlated with Cd tolerance and shoot Cd concentration of the plants grown in Cd-supplemented soil. In an outdoor pot experiment, inoculation of willow with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and a cocktail of rhizobacteria stimulated root exudation, decreased soil pH and increased Cd mobilization in soil and Cd uptake by plants, but decreased plant growth at a moderate contamination level (25 mg Cd kg−1). Opposite effects were observed in highly contaminated soil (77 mg Cd kg−1). We propose a preliminary systematic framework of interactions between these factors that determine the success of microbial inoculation aimed at improving crop performance on HM-polluted soils or enhancing phytoremediation.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Mrs. Demchinskaya S.V. for the assistance in the experiments with Indian mustard. The work on Indian mustard was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (06-04-49486-a and 09-04-01614-a). The work on pea, nodule bacteria and mathematical simulation of interactions between pea and AMF was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (14-16-00137).

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  1. All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Sh. Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin-8, 196608, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation

    Andrey A. Belimov, Ian V. Puhalsky, Vera I. Safronova, Alexander I. Shaposhnikov, Nadezda Y. Zinovkina, Natalya M. Makarova & Igor A. Tikhonovich

  2. N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, B. Morskaya Str. 42-44, 190000, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation

    Margarita A. Vishnyakova & Elena V. Semenova

  3. University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan Strasse 82, A-1190, Vienna, Austria

    Walter Wenzel

  4. Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation

    Igor A. Tikhonovich

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  1. Andrey A. Belimov
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Belimov, A.A., Puhalsky, I.V., Safronova, V.I. et al. Role of Plant Genotype and Soil Conditions in Symbiotic Plant-Microbe Interactions for Adaptation of Plants to Cadmium-Polluted Soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 226, 264 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2537-9

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