Abstract
Purpose
Agricultural soil multifunctionality is greatly impacted by belowground processesdriven by a complex group of microorganisms that change during plant growth. While most studies in microbial diversity and multifunctionality have focused on soil bacteria or fungi, they have largely overlooked the influence of key microbiome predators- the protists and other microorganisms.
Methods
We manipulated microbial alpha diversity using a dilution-to-extinction approach. Wheat varieties were employed to investigate the effects of manipulated microbial alpha diversity on rhizosphere microbes (including bacteria and eukaryotes-fungi and protists) and soil multifunctionality (nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and plant productivity) during a two-month re-colonization period.
Results
The recovery and re-colonization of the belowground microbial communities were primarily influenced by dilution rather than wheat variety. Random forest (RF) analysis indicated that changes induced by dilution and plant variety in bacterial and protistan assembly in the rhizosphere had stronger effects on soil multifunctionality than those in bulk soil and root endosphere. Reduced microbial diversity led to a decrease in specific functions, such as phosphorus mineralization and nitrification, but did not affect broad functions like microbial respiration and organic decomposition. The rare taxa, such as those belonging to bacterial Burkholderiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae, and protistan Cercozoa, Ochrophyta, and Chlorophyta crucially influenced soil multifunctionality.
Conclusion
The critical role of rhizosphere protistan and bacterial communities in soil multifunctionality underscores the importance of plant-induced shifts in belowground microbial assembly for the resilience of soil multifunctionality to biodiversity loss Moreover, rhizosphere rare bacterial and protistan taxa contributed more to ecosystem functions than expected based on their abundance.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by National key research and development program (2022YFA1304401), the Key Project of Science and Technology Innovation in Ningbo City (2021Z101; 2022Z169), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42107342), Seagull Talent of Yongjiang Talent for Yakov Kuzyakov, and the K. C. Wong Magna Fund at Ningbo University, and the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.
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Tida Ge, Qin Zhang, and Jianping Chen conceived and designed the study. Chuanfa Wu conducted the experiments. Jialing Wu, Chuanfa Wu, and Haoqing Zhang collected samples. Jialing Wu and Shuang Wang performed data analysis. Jialing Wu and Chuanfa Wu wrote the manuscript. Feng Wang, Shuquan Jin, and Yakov Kuzyakov participated reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Wu, J., Wu, C., Zhang, Q. et al. Microbial diversity loss and wheat genotype-triggered rhizosphere bacterial and protistan diversity constrain soil multifunctionality: Evidence from greenhouse experiment. Plant Soil (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06637-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06637-3