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Micropropagation of the pistachio and its rootstocks by temporary immersion system

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Abstract

Although several studies have been reported on the micropropagation of the pistachio and its rootstocks, to date none of them had been efficient on the mass production of these plants in bioreactor systems. Thus, the micropropagation of juvenile pistachio shoot tips and nodal buds was investigated in a temporary immersion bioreactor system (RITA®) and on a conventional semi-solid medium. Among the tested immersion conditions, immersion for 24 min every 16 h reduced vitrification and improved proliferation in the pistachio. Interactions were evident in immersion time and frequency in nodal segments. Nodal buds were better than shoot tips as the highest multiple shoot formation was recorded in MS medium containing 4 mg L−1 BA and 0.1 mg L−1 GA3 in RITA®. Although shoot tip necrosis (STN) was observed in shoots proliferated on semi-solid MS medium, such a symptom did not occur in shoots sprouted in the RITA®. Additionally, these optimized conditions were applied to nodal buds of mature male pistachio ‘Atlı’ and Pistacia rootstocks (P. khinjuk Stocks and P. atlantica Desf.), and the micropropagation in the bioreactor system, in comparison to the semi-solid medium, was also improved. Furthermore, in vitro rooting of pistachio plantlets, despite the lower range (27.5 %), was also achieved in RITA®. However, rooting was better on semi-solid medium for all tested species (ranged between 50 and 70 %). The results of this study showed that RITA® could be used for the mass propagation of pistachio and its rootstocks, as well as for other woody plant species.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-benzyladenine

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

IBA:

Indole butyric acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

RFC:

Root forming capacity index

SFC:

Shoot forming capacity index

STN:

Shoot tip necrosis

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Acknowledgments

The study was funded by grant # TBAG-209T030 from TUBITAK—The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey. This study was partially supported by a grant (DUBAP-11-FF-81) from the Dicle University Research Project Council. The authors would like to thank MSc İbrahim Koç for technical support, the researchers of Pistachio Research Center, Gaziantep, Turkey and Dr. Limane Abdelkrim Mouloud Mammeri, University of Tizi Ouzou, Algeria for seeds. The authors are also grateful to the Linda Thain-Ali and Dr. Nezaket Turkel Sesli for language revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Hülya Akdemir, Veysel Süzerer & Yelda Ozden Çiftçi

  2. Department of Biology, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey

    Ahmet Onay

  3. Department of Biology, Batman University, 72060, Batman, Turkey

    Engin Tilkat & Yusuf Ersali

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  1. Hülya Akdemir
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  2. Veysel Süzerer
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  3. Ahmet Onay
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  6. Yelda Ozden Çiftçi
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Correspondence to Hülya Akdemir.

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Akdemir, H., Süzerer, V., Onay, A. et al. Micropropagation of the pistachio and its rootstocks by temporary immersion system. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 117, 65–76 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-013-0421-0

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