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Regeneration of somatic embryos in Theobroma cacao L. in temporary immersion bioreactor and analyses of free amino acids in different tissues

  • Cell Biology and Morphogenesis
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Abstract

The present study aimed at developing temporary immersion bioreactor techniques for multiplication of cacao somatic embryos. Temporary Immersion System (TIS), i.e. flooding of plant tissue at regular time intervals provides an efficient way to propagate plants. Somatic embryos were regenerated in twin flask bioreactors. The TIS proved to be suitable for mass regeneration of somatic embryos and for their subsequent direct sowing. The number of embryos after 3 months of culture was significantly higher in TIS cultures than in the solid medium variant. TIS also improved embryo development regarding the conversion to torpedo shaped forms. Matured embryos derived from TIS and pre-treated with 6% sucrose were converted into plants after direct sowing. Additionally to the influence of culture conditions on the development of somatic embryogenesis the content and composition of free amino acids were analysed. The content of free amino acids in somatic embryos rose as immersion frequency increased. The endogenous free GABA content in embryogenic callus was significantly higher than in non-embryogenic callus.

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Acknowledgment

The study was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung (http://www.humboldt-stiftung.de) via grant to Nicolas Niemenak (Grant No. KAM/1115305). The authors express gratitude to Thomas Tumforde and Detlef Böhm for their assistance during experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon

    Nicolas Niemenak & Denis Omokolo Ndoumou

  2. Biozentrum KleinFlottbek, Abteilung Nutzpflanzenbiologie, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany

    Katja Saare-Surminski, Christina Rohsius & Reinhard Lieberei

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  1. Nicolas Niemenak
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  2. Katja Saare-Surminski
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  3. Christina Rohsius
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  4. Denis Omokolo Ndoumou
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  5. Reinhard Lieberei
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Correspondence to Nicolas Niemenak.

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Communicated by R. Reski.

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Niemenak, N., Saare-Surminski, K., Rohsius, C. et al. Regeneration of somatic embryos in Theobroma cacao L. in temporary immersion bioreactor and analyses of free amino acids in different tissues. Plant Cell Rep 27, 667–676 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-007-0497-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-007-0497-2

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