Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reconsideration of the term ‘vitrification’ as used in micropropagation

  • Published:
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The term vitrification is currently used to describe two types of processes related to tissue-cultured plant material. The first is used to describe organs and tissues having an abnormal morphological appearance and physiological function. The second is used to describe the transition from liquid to solid state, i.e. the formation of ice during low temperature storage of in vitro cultured cells, tissues and organs. Use of the same term to define two greatly different processes in the same research area can only lead to confusion, especially for key words. Thus it is appropriate to reconsider the usage of vitrification in the first sense mentioned above. It is recommended that the term vitrification should no longer be used to indicate plant material with an abnormal morphological appearance and physiological function, and should be substituted by the term ‘hyperhydricity’.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aitken-Christie J & Jones C (1987) Towards automation: radiata pine shoot hedges in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 8: 185–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Beauchesne G (1981) Les milieux minéraux utilisés en culture et leur incidence sur l'apparition de boutures d'aspect pathologique. C.R. Acad. Agric. Paris 67: 1389–1397

    Google Scholar 

  • Boxus P, Druart P & Brasseur E (1978) Rapport d'activités du Centre de Recherches de Gembloux: 126–127

  • Brainerd KE & Fuchigami LH (1981) Acclimatization of aseptically cultured apple plants to low relative humidity. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106: 515–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Brainerd KE, Fuchigami LH, Kwiatkowski S & Clark CS (1981) Leaf anatomy and water stress of aseptically cultured ‘Pixy’ plum grown under different environments. HortScience 16: 173–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Capellades M, Fontarnau R, Carulla C & Debergh P (1990) Environment influences anatomy of stomata and epidermal cells in tissue cultured Rosa multiflora. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115: 141–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Debergh P (1983) Effects of agar brand and concentration on the tissue culture medium. Physiol. Plant. 59: 270–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Debergh P (1988) Improving mass propagation of in vitro plantlets. In: The organizing Committee Intl. Symp. High Technology in Protected Cultivation (Ed). Horticulture in High Technology Era, Tokyo (pp 45–57)

  • Debergh P, Harbaoui Y & Lemeur R (1981) Mass propagation of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus): evaluation of different hypotheses to overcome vitrification with special reference to water potential. Physiol. Plant. 53: 181–187

    Google Scholar 

  • DeProft M, Maene LJ & Debergh P (1985) Carbon dioxide and ethylene evolution in the culture atmosphere of Magnolia soulangeana cultured in vitro. Physiol. Plant. 65: 375–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillen W & Buysens S (1989) A simple technique to over-come vitrification in Gypsophila paniculata. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 19: 181–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Earle ED & Langhans RW (1975) Carnation propagation from shoot tips cultured in liquid medium. HortScience 10: 608–610

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaspar T, Kevers C, Debergh P, Maene L, Paques M & Boxus P (1987) Vitrification: orphological, physiological and ecological aspects. In: Bonga JM & Durzan DJ (Eds) Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, Vol 1 (pp 152–166). Kluwer Academic Press Publ, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Grout BWW & Aston H (1977) Transplanting of cauliflower plants regenerated from meristem culture 1. Water loss and water transfer related to changes in leaf wax and to xylem regeneration. Hort. Res. 17: 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson Dictionary of Biological Terms, Ninth Edition, Longman, London

  • Kevers C & Gaspar T (1985) Soluble membrane and wall peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonialyase and lignin changes in relation to vitrification of carnation tissues cultured in vitro. J. Plant Physiol. 118: 41–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Leshem B, Shalev DP & Izhar S (1988) Cytokinin as an inducer of vitrification in melon. Ann. Bot. 61: 255–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Letouzé R & Daguin F (1983) Manifestation spontanée d'une croissance anormale en culture in vitro. Recherche de marqueurs métaboliques. Rev. Can. Biol. Exp. 42: 23–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Letouzé R & Daguin F (1987) Control of vitrification and hypolignification process in Salix babylonica cultured in vitro. Acta Hort. 212: 185–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Meryman H & Williams R (1985) Basic principles of freezing injury to plant cells: natural tolerance and approaches to cryopreservation. In: Kartha KK (Ed) Cryopreservation of Plant Cells and Organs, Chapter 2 (pp 13–47). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  • Paques M & Boxus P (1987) A model to learn ‘vitrification’, the rootstock apple M.26. Present results. Acta Hort. 212: 193–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasqualetto PL, Zimmerman RH & Fordham I (1988) The influence of cation and gelling agent concentration on vitrification of apple cultivars in vitro. Pant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 14: 31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Preece JE & Sutter EG (1991) Acclimatization of micropropagated plants to the greenhouse and field. In: Debergh PC & Zimmerman RH (Eds) Micropropagation-Technology and Application (pp 71–93). Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Short KC, Warburton J & Roberts AV (1987) In vitro hardening of cultured cauliflower plantlets to humidity. Acta Hort. 212: 329–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutter EG & Langhans RW (1982) Formation of epicuticular wax and its effect on water loss in cabbage plants regenerated from shoot-tip culture. Can. J. Bot. 60: 2896–2902

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanderschaeghe AM & Debergh PC (1987) Technical aspects of the control of the relative humidity in tissue culture containers. In: Ducaté G, Jacob M & Simeon A (Eds) Plant Micropropagation in Horticultural Industries (pp 68–76). Presses Universitaires, Liège, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • vonArnold S & Eriksson T (1984) Effect of agar concentration on growth and anatomy of adventitious shoots of Picea abies (L) Karst. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 3: 257–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzstein HY & Sommer HE (1982) Leaf anatomy of tissue cultured Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) during acclimatization. Amer. J. Bot. 69: 1579–1586

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziv M (1991) Vitrification: morphological and physiological disorders of in vitro plants. In: Debergh PC & Zimmerman RH (Eds) Micropropagation—Technology and Application (pp 45–69). Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziv M & Ariel T (1988) The relationship between cell wall deformity and stomatal malfunction in the leaves of carnation in vitro. Proc. Intl. Soc. Plant Molecular Biol. Congress, Jerusalem: 425

  • Ziv M & Ariel T (1990) The effect of culture condition on vitrification and stomatal cell wall deformation in leaves of carnation plants in vitro. Plant Sci. (in press)

  • Ziv M, Meir G & Halevy A (1983) Factors influencing the production of hardened carnation plantlets in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 2: 55–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziv M, Schwarts A & Fleminger D (1987) Malfunctioning stomata in vitreous leaves of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) plants propagated in vitro; implications for hardening. Plant Sci. 52: 127–134

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Horticulture, State University Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Debergh P.

  2. Forest Research Insitute, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Aitken-Christie J.

  3. Plant Physiology Division, D.S.I.R., Private Bag, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Cohen D.

  4. The Merks Estate, NOVALAL PLC, CM6 3BD, Great Dunmow, Essex, UK

    Grout B.

  5. Department Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7027, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden

    Arnold S. von

  6. USDA-ARS-Fruit Laboratory, 20705, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

    Zimmerman R.

  7. Department Agricultural Botany, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 76-100, Rehovot, Israel

    Ziv M.

Authors
  1. Debergh P.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aitken-Christie J.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cohen D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Grout B.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Arnold S. von
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zimmerman R.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ziv M.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This paper was written as a follow up of the discussions held during the workshop on ‘Vitrification’ at the IAPTC-Congress in Amsterdam (1990). Different eminent research workers in the field of vitrification were invited to formulate their preference for a new terminology, and they came to a consensus.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Debergh, P., Aitken-Christie, J., Cohen, D. et al. Reconsideration of the term ‘vitrification’ as used in micropropagation. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 30, 135–140 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034307

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034307

Key words

Search

Navigation