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Direct shoot organogenesis from in vitro-derived mature leaf explants of pistachio

  • Micropropagation
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Abstract

An efficient system was developed for direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived leaf explants of Pistacia vera L. cv. Siirt. The in vitro procedure involved four steps that included (1) induction of shoot initials from the regenerated mature leaf tissue, (2) regeneration and elongation of shoots from the shoot initials, (3) rooting of the shoots, and (4) acclimatization of the plantlets. The induction of shoot initials was achieved on an agarified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg vitamins supplemented in different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The best medium for shoot induction was a MS medium with 1 mgl−1 IAA and 2 mgl−1 BA. Numerous shoot primordia developed within 2–3 wk on the leaf margin and the midrib region, without any callus phase. In the second step, the shoot clumps were separated from the leaf explants and transferred to a MS medium supplemented with 1 mgl−1 BA, resulting in a differentiation of the shoot initials into well-developed shoots. The elongated shoots (>3 cm long) were rooted on a full-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mgl−1 of indole-3-butyric acid in the third stage. Finally, the rooted plants were transferred to soil with an 80% success rate. This protocol was utilized for the in vitro clonal propagation of this important recalcitrant plant species.

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Acknowledgements

The study was funded by grant # TOVAG-3355 from TUBITAK—The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey. The study was also partially funded by a grant from DÜAPK—Dicle University Research Project Council (DUAPK)-05-FF-23 and 05-FF-61. We thank the director of the Pistachio Research Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey, for providing plant samples for this work and Linda Thain Ali for linguistically reviewing the manuscript.

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  1. Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, University of Dicle, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey

    E. Tilkat & A. Onay

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  1. E. Tilkat
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  2. A. Onay
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Correspondence to E. Tilkat.

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Editor: J. Grosser

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Tilkat, E., Onay, A. Direct shoot organogenesis from in vitro-derived mature leaf explants of pistachio. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 45, 92–98 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-008-9168-4

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