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In vitro induction of polyploidy in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

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Abstract

In vitro chromosome doubling was induced in octoploid (2n = 58) yacon using oryzalin and colchicine as mitotic spindle inhibitors. Nodal segments of in vitro cultured plants, 5–15 mm long, were exposed to 20, 25, or 30 μM oryzalin and 1, 3, or 5 mM colchicine for 24 or 48 h. The resulting ploidy level was determined by chromosome counting and flow cytometry. Out of 240 nodal segments, 3.33% hexadecaploid (2n = 116) plants were regenerated after the application of oryzalin. The greatest proportions of hexadecaploid plants (1.6%) were obtained after 48 h of 25 μM oryzalin treatment. With the colchicine treatment, only 0.42% hexadecaploid plants were detected and their survival rate was significantly lower in comparison with the oryzalin treatment. In hexadecaploid yacon, significantly higher levels of saccharides were detected (FOS 13.9 g/100 g FM, fructose 4.6 g/100 g FM and glucose 2.1 g/100 g FM) compared to the octoploid control (FOS 5.3 g/100 g FM, fructose 2.9 g/100 g FM and glucose 1.0 g/100 g FM). These results indicate that in vitro treatment of nodal segments with oryzalin solution could be an effective procedure for chromosome doubling and the polyploidy breeding can help to increase the FOS content in the tuberous roots.

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Abbreviations

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

FOS:

Fructooligosaccharides

MS:

Murashigue and Skoog (1962)

RH:

Relative humidity

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Grants GI 51110/1312/513122 and GI 51110/1312/513108 of the Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. The authors thank Jan Suda and Pavel Travnícek for their help in the flow-cytometric analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic

    Iva Viehmannová, Eloy Fernández Cusimamani & Miroslav Bechyne

  2. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Drnovská 507, 161 06, Prague 6, Ruzyne, Czech Republic

    Miroslava Vyvadilová

  3. Potato Research Institute, Ltd. Laboratory of Experimental Breeding, Dobrovského 2366, 580 01, Havlíckuv Brod, Czech Republic

    Marie Greplová

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  1. Iva Viehmannová
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  2. Eloy Fernández Cusimamani
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  3. Miroslav Bechyne
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  4. Miroslava Vyvadilová
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  5. Marie Greplová
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Correspondence to Iva Viehmannová.

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Viehmannová, I., Cusimamani, E.F., Bechyne, M. et al. In vitro induction of polyploidy in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 97, 21–25 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9494-6

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