Abstract
To keep up with the growth of human population and to circumvent deleterious effects of global climate change, it is essential to enhance crop yield to achieve higher production. Here we review mathematical models of oxygenic photosynthesis that are extensively used, and discuss in depth a subset that accounts for diverse approaches providing solutions to our objective. These include models (1) to study different ways to enhance photosynthesis, such as fine-tuning antenna size, photoprotection and electron transport; (2) to bioengineer carbon metabolism; and (3) to evaluate the interactions between the process of photosynthesis and the seasonal crop dynamics, or those that have included statistical whole-genome prediction methods to quantify the impact of photosynthesis traits on the improvement of crop yield. We conclude by emphasizing that the results obtained in these studies clearly demonstrate that mathematical modelling is a key tool to examine different approaches to improve photosynthesis for better productivity, while effective multiscale crop models, especially those that also include remote sensing data, are indispensable to verify different strategies to obtain maximized crop yields.
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Modified from Shevela and Govindjee (2016)
Modified from https//ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled-2/c3-c4-and-cam-plants.html
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Abbreviations
- C i, C m, C c :
-
Intercellular, mesophyll, or chloroplast CO2 concentration
- CAM:
-
Crassulacean acid metabolism, a pathway of CO2 assimilation
- CBB cycle:
-
Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle of CO2 assimilation
- CCM:
-
CO2 concentrating mechanism
- CET:
-
Cyclic electron transport
- Chl:
-
Chlorophyll
- Cyt:
-
Cytochrome
- ΔΨ:
-
Electric potential difference across the thylakoid membrane
- ΔpH:
-
pH difference across the thylakoid membrane
- ETR:
-
Electron transport rate
- Fe-S:
-
Rieske iron sulfur protein, an electron carrier
- Fd:
-
Ferredoxin, an electron carrier
- FNR:
-
Ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase
- LHCI, LHCII:
-
Light-harvesting complexes in PSI and PSII antenna
- NADP+ :
-
Oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron carrier
- NDH:
-
NADH dehydrogenase-like complex involved in antimycin A insensitive cyclic electron transport
- NPQ:
-
Nonphotochemical quenching of the excited state of chlorophyll
- OEC:
-
Oxygen evolving complex of PSII
- P680, P700:
-
The primary electron donor of PSII and of PSI, respectively
- PGR5/PGRL1:
-
A complex containing Proton Gradient Regulation 5 and Proton Gradient Regulation Like 1 proteins involved in antimycin A sensitive cyclic electron transport
- pmf :
-
Proton motive force
- P N :
-
The net photosynthetic rate
- PQ and PQH2 :
-
Plastoquinone and its reduced form, plastoquinol
- PSI, PSII:
-
Photosystem I and II
- PTOX:
-
Plastid terminal oxidase, involved in chlororespiration
- QA, QB :
-
First and second plastoquinone electron acceptors of PSII
- Rac:
-
Rubisco activase
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- Rubisco:
-
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- SIF:
-
Solar induced fluorescence
- TM:
-
Thylakoid membrane
- WWC:
-
Water-water cycle
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Acknowledgements
GG thanks Jeff Haas; Karl Schlief; and Tom Uebele, of the Life Sciences Office of Information Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign for computer-related help. YG was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 51961125102, No: 31771680), Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund (SCX(22)3669). DL was supported by European Regional Development Fund project ‘Plants as a tool for sustainable global development’ (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000827) and by European Innovation Council, HORIZON-EIC-2021-PATHFINDER OPEN project DREAM (Grant Agreement No. 101046451).
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This is a review dedicated to the memory of Kenneth (Ken) Sauer (1931–2022), a friend of one of us (Govindjee).
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Stirbet, A., Guo, Y., Lazár, D. et al. From leaf to multiscale models of photosynthesis: applications and challenges for crop improvement. Photosynth Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9