Abstract
The effect of mechanical milling on the oxidation kinetics of ultrafine iron powders was investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The initial α-Fe powder with average particles size of 100 nm was made by the electric explosion of wire. The milling of iron powder was carried out by AGO-2S planetary ball mill using a rotation speed of 2220 rpm and the milling times of 15 and 40 min. According to the XRD data, the main content of α-Fe was observed in all samples. However, a certain amount (~ 20 mass%) of wustite phase (FeO) is formed after ball milling of ultrafine iron powders. From TG analysis, the powders milling leads to increase in the temperature of thermal oxidation onset and shifts the reaction to higher temperatures. A model-free isoconversional method of the Friedman analysis was employed only in a first qualitative approximation. More accurate kinetics parameters were obtained using the multivariate nonlinear regressions, where three-step reaction with branching set of n-order equations for each step was chosen.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Puscasu E, Sacarescu L, Lupu N, Grigoras M, Oanca G, Balasoju M, Creanga D. Iron oxide-silica nanocomposites yielded by chemical route and sol-gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2017;83:181–9.
Baytar O, Sahin O, Kilicvuran H, Horoz S. Synthesis, structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of Fe-alloyed CdZnS nanoparticles. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2018;29:4564–8.
Brown ME, Tribelhorn MJ, Blenkinsop MG. Use of thermomagnetometry in the study of iron-containing pyrotechnic systems. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1993;40:1123–30.
Nazarenko OB, Ilyin AP. Nanopowders production by electrical explosion of wires: environmental applications. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Environmental Physics Conference (Aswan, Egypt). 2008: 135–40.
Nazarenko OB, Sechin AI, Melnikova TV, Visakh PM. Effect of boric acid on thermal behavior of copper nanopowder/epoxy copmosites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131:567–72.
Murzakaev AM. Size dependence of the phase composition of silver nanoparticles formed by the electric explosion of a wire. Phys Met Metallogr. 2017;118:486–92.
Kotov YU, Chang KR, Bagazeyev AV, Beketov IV. Production of copper nanopowders by electric explosion of wire. Study of their oxidation during storage and heating in air. J Metastable Nanocrystalline Mater. 2003;15–16:343–8.
Shevelev SA, Luchnikov PA, Yarullina AR. Influence of metallic additives on manganese ferrites sintering. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. 2018;289:012016.
Beketov IV, Safronov AP, Medvedev AI, Alonso J, Kurlyandskaya GV, Bhagat SM. Iron oxide nanoparticles fabricated by electric explosion of wire: focus on magnetic nanofluids. AIP Adv. 2012;2:022154. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4730405.
Wen D, Song P, Zhang K, Qian J. Thermal oxidation of iron nanoparticles and its implication for chemical-looping combustion. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2011;86:375–80.
Chen RY, Yuen WYD. Review of the high-temperature oxidation of iron and carbon steels in air or oxygen. Oxid Met. 2003;59:433–68.
Korshunov AV. Kinetics of the oxidation of an electroexplosion iron nanopowder during heating in air. Russ J Phys Chem B. 2012;6:368–75.
Lysenko EN, Surzhikov AP, Zhuravkov SP, Vlasov VA, Pustovalov AV, Yavorovskii NA. The oxidation kinetics study of ultrafine iron powders by thermogravimetric analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;115:1447–52.
Lysenko EN, Nikolaev EV, Vlasov VA, Zhuravkov SP. Investigation of oxidation process of mechanically activated ultrafine iron powders. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. 2016;110:012093.
Yavorovsky NA, Sedoy VS. Method of obtaining ultrafinely powders. Ru Patent 2359784, 2009.
Yavorovsky NA, Davydovich VI, Bil BA. Apparatus for ultrafine powders manufacturing of inorganic materials by electrical explosion. Ru Patent 2048278, 1995.
Romanova VM, Ivanenkov GV, Mingaleev AR, Ter-Oganesyan AE, Shelkovenko TA, Pikuz SA. Electric explosion of fine wires: three groups of materials. Plasma Phys Rep. 2015;41:617–38.
Opfermann J. Kinetic analysis using multivariate non-linear regression. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2000;60:641–58.
Moukhina E. Determination of kinetic mechanisms for reactions measured with thermoanalytical instruments. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2012;109:1203–14.
Budrugeac P. Application of model-free and multivariate non-linear regression methods for evaluation of the thermo-oxidative endurance of a recent manufactured parchment. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97:443–51.
Wang Y, Wang X, Hua X, Zhao C, Wang W. The reduction mechanism and kinetics of Fe2O3 by hydrogen for chemical-looping hydrogen generation. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;129:1831–8.
El-Sadek MH, Ahmed HM, El-Barawy K, Morsi MB, El-Didamony H, Bjorkman B. Non-isotermal carbothermic reduction kinetics of mechanically activated ilmenite contacting self-reducing mixtures. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131:2457–65.
Malek TJ, Chaki SH, Tailor JP, Deshpande MP. Nonisothermal decomposition kinetics of pure and Mn-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;132:895–905.
Lysenko EN, Surzhikov AP, Nikolaev EV, Vlasov VA. Thermal analysis study of LiFeO2 formation from Li2CO3-Fe2O3 mechanically activated reagents. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7113-2.
Mazur K, Hebda M. Analysis of the oxidation process of powders and sinters of the austenitic stainless steel. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7114-1.
Zhygotsky AG. Determination of active metal in ultradispersed iron powders and TG study of their oxidation. J Thermal Anal Calorim. 2000;62:575–8.
Friedman HL. Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermogravimetry. Application to a phenolic plastic. J Polym Sci Part C. 1964;6:183–95.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in part of the Science program (Project 11.980.2017/4.6). The measurements of X-ray diffraction analysis data were funded from Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program grant.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lysenko, E.N., Surzhikov, A.P., Nikolaev, E.V. et al. The oxidation kinetic study of mechanically milled ultrafine iron powders by thermogravimetric analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim 134, 307–312 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7451-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7451-0