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The role of TiO2 nanoparticles in enhancing the structural, optical, and electrical properties of PVA/PVP/CMC ternary polymer blend: nanocomposites for capacitive energy storage

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Abstract

Herein, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via the sol–gel technique; then, they were incorporated into a ternary blend polymer matrix to design polymer nanocomposite (PNC) films through the solution casting technique. The ternary blend polymer matrix consisted of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed reductions in the crystallinity structure of the polymer matrix after adding TiO2 NPs. The optical study manifested increases in the refractive index and reduction in the optical bandgap values, which reduced from 4.97 eV for the pure polymer blend to 4.77 eV for the PNC film at TiO2 content of 3 wt%. Additionally, the transmission edge gradually shifted towards lower energy. The PNC films exhibited considerable improvements in the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε′′), dielectric moduli (M′ and M′′), and electrical conductivity characteristics over the range of frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz. The addition of TiO2 NPs improved the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant significantly. The electrical conductivity increased by over ten times compared to the pure ternary polymer blend, and ε′ also rose four-fold at 100 Hz. The enhancement in the electrical and dielectric parameters of the PNC films after adding TiO2 nanofiller could indicate the suitability of these samples for flexible-type energy storage applications, such as dielectric capacitors.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • TiO2-NPs were prepared via sol–gel technique.

  • TiO2-NPs were used as a nanofiller with PVA/PVP/CMC blend to prepare nanocomposites.

  • The FTIR and XRD indicated the interaction between the polymer blend and TiO2-NPs.

  • The band gap of PVA/PVP/CMC blend decreased with increasing TiO2-NPs content.

  • The electrical and dielectric results show the use of the samples in energy storage.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research work was funded by Institutional Fund Project under grant no. (IFPIP: 1871-135-1443). The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed M. Damoom & Abdulsalam M. Alhawsawi

  2. Center for Training & Radiation Protection, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed M. Damoom & Abdulsalam M. Alhawsawi

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Abdu Saeed

  4. Department of Physics, Thamar University, Thamar, 87246, Yemen

    Abdu Saeed

  5. Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, 2440, Saudi Arabia

    Eida M. Alshammari

  6. Department of Basic Sciences, Delta University for Science & Technology, Gamassa, Egypt

    A. Y. Yassin

  7. Physics Department, Umm Al-Qura University College in Qunfudah-Female, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

    J. A. Mohammed Abdulwahed

  8. Department of Physics, Faculty of Education and Applied Sciences at Arhab, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen

    A. A. Al-Muntaser

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MMD: Project Administration, Methodology, Review & Editing, Formal Analysis, Validation, Visualization, Funding Acquisition. AS: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Software, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Review & Editing, Formal Analysis, Validation, Visualization. EMA: Writing - Original Draft, Review & Editing Formal Analysis. AMA: Writing—Original Draft, Review & Editing Formal Analysis. AYY: Conceptualization, Software, Review & Editing, Formal Analysis, Validation, Visualization. JAMA: Writing, Review & Editing. AAA-M: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Software, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Review & Editing, Formal Analysis, Validation, Visualization. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Damoom, M.M., Saeed, A., Alshammari, E.M. et al. The role of TiO2 nanoparticles in enhancing the structural, optical, and electrical properties of PVA/PVP/CMC ternary polymer blend: nanocomposites for capacitive energy storage. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 108, 742–755 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06223-6

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