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The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Structural, Optical, and Impedance Spectroscopy Properties of Mixed Ni0.4Cd0.3Co0.3Fe2O4 Spinel Ferrites Synthesized Using the Sol–Gel Method

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Abstract

In this study, the impact of varying calcination temperatures on the structural, impedance spectroscopy, and optical properties of Ni0.4Cd0.3Co0.3Fe2O4 spinel ferrites was examined. The experimental XRD results indicated that increasing the calcination temperature resulted in an increase in both grain size and cell parameters. The samples display direct optical transitions based on the Tauc method. With increasing grain size, band-gap energy (Eg) and activation energy (Ea) decrease. Increased calcination temperature also reduces Urbach energy (Eu) due to the decrease in defects and disorder in the samples. Besides, optical dielectric constants, conductivity, penetration depth, loss factor, refractive index and extinction coefficient are also studied. The Nyquist diagram modeling revealed that the conduction mechanism in the samples is influenced by both grain and grain-boundary contributions. To explain the conduction process, the Overlapping-Large Polaron Tunneling model (OLPT) was employed. Additionally, the materials exhibited high electrical resistivity and low dielectric constants and losses at higher frequencies. These properties make the Ni0.4Cd0.3Co0.3Fe2O4 samples well-suited for applications involving high-frequency and microwave absorption.

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Funding

This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (Grant Number IMSIU-RG23084).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia

    Nabiha Missaoui & Jamila Dhahri

  2. Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, Kairouan University, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia

    Nabiha Missaoui & Sobhi Hcini

  3. Advanced Materials, Applied Mechanics, Innovative Processes and Environment Research Unit, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Gabes (ISSATG), University of Gabes, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia

    Fakher Hcini

  4. Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied to the Environment (LaPhyMNE), Faculty of Sciences of Gabès Cited Erriadh, University of Gabès, 6079, Gabès, Tunisia

    Omeyma Amorri & Kamel Khirouni

  5. Department of Physics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 5701, 11432, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Imed Ghiloufi, Asmae Mimouni & M. Hjiri

  6. Research and Technology Centre of Energy, Borj-Cedria Science and Technology Park, BP 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia

    Imed Ghiloufi

  7. Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Hessa A. Alsalmah

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  1. Nabiha Missaoui
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Missaoui, N., Hcini, F., Amorri, O. et al. The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Structural, Optical, and Impedance Spectroscopy Properties of Mixed Ni0.4Cd0.3Co0.3Fe2O4 Spinel Ferrites Synthesized Using the Sol–Gel Method. J Inorg Organomet Polym 34, 622–639 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02849-9

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