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Effect of combination methods for nanosilicon and graphite composites on the anode performance of lithium batteries

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Abstract

Nanosilicon materials are hardly used as anode materials of lithium batteries for the serious volume expansion during charging and discharging. Carbon-coated materials can reduce the volume effect of the silicon-improving cycle stability. In this paper, silicon/graphite (Si/G) composites were prepared by directly compounding silicon nanoparticles with graphite during size mixing, and (Si/G)@C composites were prepared by coating sucrose cracked carbon on the surface of silicon nanoparticles and graphite, and then spray drying the mixture and carbonized at 900 °С for 3 h under vacuum condition. The morphology and properties of the composites were compared by means of microstructure analysis and electrochemical performance tests. The results show that the improved electrochemical properties can be obtained by both composite methods. The Si/G composite delivers a high initial discharge capacity of approximately 597.9 mA h/g, with initial coulombic efficiency of 84.95%, and the reversible charge capacity is 423.5 mA h/g after 300 cycles with corresponding capacity retention ratio of 70.83%. The (Si/G)@C composite has better cycle life and coulombic efficiency with a discharge capacity of 572.9 mA h/g, and a capacity retention rate of 82.77% after 300 cycles. Coating carbon with silicon nanoparticles and graphite can improve the electrochemical properties of the (Si/G)@C composite electrode by preventing the crushing of active material particles, reducing the formation of SEI films, and enhancing the electrical conductivity of the particles.

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Funding

This work was supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Project (Grant No. ZY21195037), the Scientific and Technological Plan of Guilin City (Grant No. 20210207-4), the Scientific and Technological Plan of Liuzhou City (Grant No. 2022CCC0201), Quzhou Science and Technology Bureau (Grant No. 2021K26), and the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. LZY22E010002, LZY23E010001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Air-Driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, China

    Chengyuan Ni, Chengdong Xia & Wei Xu

  2. Guilin Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Electrode Materials and Biological Nanomaterials & National Special Mineral Materials Engineering Technology Research Center & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, China Monferrous Metal (Guilin) Geology and Mining Co., Ltd., Guilin, 541004, China

    Wenping Liu, Xiaoxu Lei & Haiqing Qin

  3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Wenping Liu

  4. School of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational & Technical College, Liuzhou, 545000, China

    Zhiqiang Shan

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  1. Chengyuan Ni
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  2. Chengdong Xia
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  3. Wenping Liu
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Contributions

CN: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing—Original Draft. CX: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing—Review and Editing. WL: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision. ZS:Resources, Supervision. XL:collated documents. HQ:Data curation. WX:participated in writing papers

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Correspondence to Chengdong Xia or Wenping Liu.

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Ni, C., Xia, C., Liu, W. et al. Effect of combination methods for nanosilicon and graphite composites on the anode performance of lithium batteries. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1432 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10830-y

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