Abstract
Distant hybridization constitutes an important process in plant evolution. Outbreeding of Solanum plants can produce hybrid progeny with heterobeltiosis in terms of growth, development, and resistance. In this study, the genomic characteristics and genetic variation of reciprocal cross F1 hybrids of cultivars 177 (Solanum melongena L.) and Y11 (Solanum aethiopicum L.) were quantified to analyze the relationship between heterosis and genomic characteristics. While no significant phenotypic differences existed between the F1 hybrids, their phenotypes were closer to those of the Y11 parent. Using whole-genome resequencing, large numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion or deletions, structural variations, and copy number variation (CNV) were found. The variation rate of the Y11 parent was the highest, while those of the F1 hybrids were similar to each other but closer to that of Y11. These results reflect the fact that the genome of the heterozygous progenies was stable at the chromosome level; nevertheless, considerable variation sites were produced, which may underlie the increased phenotypic diversities compared to that found in the cultivated parent plants. Mining and functional annotation of variant genes with different variant types revealed that the highest number of variant genes were caused by CNVs. Moreover, the variant genes were significantly enriched in pathways associated with glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, and phytohormone signaling, indicating that CNVs may be responsible for the heterosis observed in the progeny of outbred crosses. These data can provide a reference for future heterosis research, molecular marker development, genetic engineering, high-density linkage map construction, and genome-wide association analysis.
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The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Guangxi Pufei Information Technology Co., LTD for helping to analyze the sequencing data.
Funding
This research was supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2018GXNSFDA050015), Guangxi Science and Technology Project (Guike AA22068088-3), and Basic Special Fund of the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Guinongke 2021YT100, Guinongke 2018YM13).
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WL and YW designed the experiments. WL and DL performed the observation and analysis of phenotypic traits. YJ, PW, and QY participated in chromosome karyotype experimental analysis. NY and GG performed the data analyses and wrote the manuscript. WL and YW revised the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Yu, N., Gan, G., Li, D. et al. Genetic changes in F1 hybrids of the genetically divergent Solanum L., Solanum melongena L. × Solanum aethiopicum L.. Plant Growth Regul 99, 539–552 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00926-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-022-00926-6