Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Halobellus rarus sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from an inland salt lake of China

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two halophilic archaeal strains, YC21T and YC77, were isolated from an inland salt lake of China. Both have pleomorphic rod-shaped cells that lyse in distilled water, stain Gram-negative and form red-pigmented colonies. They are neutrophilic, require at least 2.1 M NaCl for growth under the optimum growth temperature of 37 °C. The major polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS), two major glycolipids (GL1 and GL2) chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1) and mannosyl glucosyl diether (DGD-1), respectively. Trace amounts of two unidentified lipids (GL0-1 and GL0-2) were also detected. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains are 99.9 % identical, show 94.0–98.9 % similarity to the closest relative members of Halobellus of the family Halobacteriaceae. The rpoB′ gene similarity between strains YC21T and YC77 is 99.8 % and show 90.3–95.3 % similarity to the closest relative members of Halobellus. The DNA G+C content of strains YC21T and YC77 were 66.1 and 66.2 mol%, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain YC20T and strain YC77 was 89 %, and the two strains showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with Halobellus limi TBN53T, the most related member of Halobellus. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strains YC21T and YC77 represent a novel species of the genus Halobellus, for which the name Halobellus rarus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC21T (=CGMCC 1.12121T = JCM 18362T).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Castillo AM, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M, Ma YH, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2006a) Halovivax asiaticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:765–770

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo AM, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M, Xue YF, Ma YH, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2006b) Halostagnicola larsenii gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from a saline lake in Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:1519–1524

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo AM, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M, Xue Y-F, Ma Y-H, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2006c) Halorubrum orientale sp. nov., a novel halophilic archaeon isolated from Lake Ejinor, Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2559–2563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo AM, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M, Xue Y-F, Ma Y-H, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2006d) Natrinema ejinorense sp. nov., isolated from a saline lake in Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2683–2687

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo AM, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M, Xue Y-F, Ma Y-H, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2007a) Halovivax ruber sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from Lake Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1024–1027

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo AM, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M, Xue Y-F, Ma Y-H, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2007b) Halorubrum ejinorense sp. nov., isolated from Lake Ejinor, Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:2538–2542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Tohty D, Feng J, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2006a) Natronorubrum aibiense sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from Aibi salt lake in Xin-Jiang, China, and emended description of the genus Natronorubrum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:1515–1517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Tohty D, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2006b) Halorubrum lipolyticum sp. nov. and Halorubrum aidingense sp. nov., isolated from two salt lakes in Xin-Jiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:1631–1634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Tohty D, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2006c) Haloterrigena longa sp. nov. and Haloterrigena limicola sp. nov., two extremely halophilic archaea isolated from salt lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:1837–1840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Tohty D, Liu H-C, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2007a) Natronorubrum sulfidifaciens sp. nov., an extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon isolated from Aiding salt lake in Xin-Jiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:738–740

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Lin Z-Y, Dong Y, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2007b) Halorubrum litoreum sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from a solar saltern. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:2204–2206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Zhou P-J, Oren A, Liu S-J (2009) Intraspecific polymorphism of 16S rRNA genes in two halophilic archaeal genera, Haloarcula and Halomicrobium. Extremophiles 13:31–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Gao X, Yang X, Xu X-W (2010) Halorussus rarus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Halobacteriaceae isolated from a marine solar saltern. Extremophiles 14:493–499

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Yang X, Gao X, Xu X-W (2011a) Halobellus clavatus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halorientalis regularis gen. nov., sp. nov., two new members of the family Halobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:2682–2689

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Yang X, Mou YZ (2011b) Salinarchaeum laminariae gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new member of the family Halobacteriaceae isolated from salted brown alga Laminaria. Extremophiles 15:625–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui H-L, Yang X, Zhou YG, Liu HC, Zhou YG, Dyall-Smith ML (2012) Halobellus limi sp. nov. and Halobellus salinus sp. nov., isolated from two marine solar salterns in Australia and China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:1307–1313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Ley J, Cattoir H, Reynaerts A (1970) The quantitative measurement of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Eur J Biochem 12:133–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dussault HP (1955) An improved technique for staining red halophilic bacteria. J Bacteriol 70:484–485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan H-P, Xue Y-F, Ma Y-H, Ventosa A, Grant WD (2004) Halorubrum tibetense sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphilic archaeon from Lake Zabuye in Tibet, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:1213–1216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng J, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2004) Halorubrum xinjiangense sp. nov., a novel halophile isolated from saline lakes in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:1789–1791

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng J, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J, Warren-Rhodes K (2005) Halorubrum alkaliphilum sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphile isolated from a soda lake in Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:149–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez C, Gutierrez C, Ramirez C (1978) Halobacterium vallismortis sp. nov. an amylolytic and carbohydrate-metabolizing, extremely halophilic bacterium. Can J Microbiol 24:710–715

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez C, González C (1972) Method for simultaneous detection of proteinase and esterase activities in extremely halophilic bacteria. Appl Microbiol 24:516–517

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez MC, Castillo AM, Kamekura M, Xue YF, Ma YH, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2007) Halopiger xanaduensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from the saline lake Shangmatala in Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1402–1407

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez MC, Castillo AM, Kamekura M, Ventosa A (2008a) Haloterrigena salina sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:2880–2884

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez MC, Castillo AM, Pagaling E, Heaphy S, Kamekura M, Xue Y, Ma Y, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2008b) Halorubrum kocurii sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from a saline lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:2031–2035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez C, Castillo AM, Corral P, Minegishi H, Ventosa A (2010) Natronorubrum sediminis sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from a saline lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1802–1806

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez MC, Castillo AM, Corral P, Kamekura M, Ventosa A (2011) Halorubrum aquaticum sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from hypersaline lakes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:1144–1148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hezayen FF, Tindall BJ, Steinbuchel A, Rehm BHA (2002) Characterization of a novel halophilic archaeon, Halobiforma haloterrestris gen. nov., sp. nov., and transfer of Natronobacterium nitratireducens to Halobiforma nitratireducens comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:2271–2280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu L, Pan H, Xue Y, Ventosa A, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ma Y (2008) Halorubrum luteum sp. nov., isolated from Lake Chagannur, Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:1705–1708

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huss VAR, Festl H, Schleifer KH (1983) Studies on the spectrophotometric determination of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Syst Appl Microbiol 4:184–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh T, Yamaguchi T, Zhou PJ, Takashina T (2005) Natronolimnobius baerhuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Natronolimnobius innermongolicus sp. nov., novel haloalkaliphilic archaea isolated from soda lakes in Inner Mongolia, China. Extremophiles 9:111–116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Zhou Y, Liu R, Zhang K-Y, Lai R (2009) Bacillus solisalsi sp. nov., a halotolerant, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from soil around a salt lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:1460–1464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B–B, Tang S-K, Zhang Y-G, Lu X-H, Li L, Cheng J, Zhang Y-M, Zhang L–L, Li W-J (2013) Halalkalicoccus paucihalophilus sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from Lop Nur region in Xinjiang, northwest of China. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 103:1007–1014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marmur J, Doty P (1962) Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J Mol Biol 5:109–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDade JJ, Weaver RH (1959) Rapid methods for the detection of gelatin hydrolysis. J Bacteriol 77:60–64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minegishi H, Kamekura M, Itoh T, Echigo A, Usami R, Hashimoto T (2010) Further refinement of Halobacteriaceae phylogeny based on the full-length RNA polymerase subunit B’ (rpoB ’) gene. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:2398–2408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oren A, Ventosa A, Grant WD (1997) Proposed minimal standards for description of new taxa in the order Halobacteriales. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:233–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen RJ, Pitcher D (1985) Current methods for estimating DNA base composition and levels of DNA–DNA hybridization. In: Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE (eds) Chemical methods in bacterial systematics. Academic Press, London, pp 67–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiu X-X, Mou Y-Z, Zhao M-L, Zhang W-J, Han D, Ren M, Cui H-L (2013) Halobellus inordinatus sp. nov., from a marine solar saltern and an inland salt lake of China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.053066-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt E, Goebel BM (1994) Taxonomic note: a place for DNA–DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:846–849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Song W, Zhong Y, Zhang R, Abatzopoulos TJ, Chen R (1999) Diversity of genetic differentiation in Artemia species and populations detected by AFLP markers. Int J Salt Lake Res 8:341–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xin H-W, Itoh T, Zhou P-J, Suzuki K, Kamekura M, Nakase T (2000) Natrinema versiforme sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from Aibi salt lake, Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:1297–1303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xin H-W, Itoh T, Zhou P-J, Suzuki K, Kamekura M, Nakase T (2001) Natronobacterium nitratireducens sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic archaeon isolated from a soda lake in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1825–1829

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Zhou PJ, Tian XY (1999) Characterization of two novel haloalkaliphilic archaea Natronorubrum bangense gen. nov., sp. nov. and Natronorubrum tibetense gen. nov., sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:261–266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Wang Z-X, Xue Y, Zhou P-J, Ma Y-H, Ventosa A, Grant WD (2001) Natrialba hulunbeirensis sp. nov. and Natrialba chahannaoensis sp. nov., novel haloalkaliphilic archaea from soda lakes in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1693–1698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X-W, Liu S-J, Tohty D, Oren A, Wu M, Zhou P-J (2005a) Haloterrigena saccharevitans sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from Xin-Jiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:2539–2542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X-W, Ren P-G, Liu S-J, Wu M, Zhou P-J (2005b) Natrinema altunense sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt lake in Altun Mountain in Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1311–1314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X-W, Wu M, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2005c) Halobiforma lacisalsi sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1949–1952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X-W, Wu Y-H, Zhang H-B, Wu M (2007) Halorubrum arcis sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline lake on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1069–1072

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue YF, Fan HP, Ventosa A, Grant WD, Jones BE, Cowan DA, Ma YH (2005) Halalkalicoccus tibetensis gen. nov., sp. nov., representing a novel genus of haloalkaliphilic archaea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:2501–2505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Cui H-L, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2006) Halobacterium jilantaiense sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline lake in Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2353–2355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Cui H-L, Zhou P-J, Liu S-J (2007) Haloarcula amylolytica sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from Aibi salt lake in Xin-Jiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:103–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng X-Y, Zhang M-G, Xu C, Li B-X (2002) An overview of salt lakes in China. Science, Beijing (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Qinglan project of Jiangsu Province, the opening project of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin (BRZD1206) and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Wen-Jiao Zhang, Dong Han, Xing-Xing Qiu, Mei-Lin Zhao, Yun-Zhuang Mou & Heng-Lin Cui

  2. Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China

    Zheng-Rong Li

Authors
  1. Wen-Jiao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dong Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xing-Xing Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mei-Lin Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yun-Zhuang Mou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Heng-Lin Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zheng-Rong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Heng-Lin Cui or Zheng-Rong Li.

Additional information

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains YC21T and YC77 are JQ237123 and KF193579, respectively. Those for the rpoB′ gene sequences of strains YC21T and YC77 are KF193580 and KF193581, respectively. Phase-contrast micrographs of strains YC21T and YC77, thin-layer chromatograms of strains YC21T, YC77 and some other haloarchaea, are available as supplementary materials.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 182 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, WJ., Han, D., Qiu, XX. et al. Halobellus rarus sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon from an inland salt lake of China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 104, 377–384 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-013-9960-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-013-9960-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation