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Challenges in characterizing adsorbents for gas storage and separation

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Abstract

Porous adsorbents, including activated carbons, zeolites, silicas, and newer materials such as metal–organic frameworks, have been investigated extensively for gas storage and separation applications. A key consideration is the performance of a material in terms of both its pure gas and multicomponent adsorption behavior, and so measuring accurate gas adsorption data is essential both to assess the suitability of an adsorbent for a given application and for process design and optimization. This article therefore provides an overview of the information required for gas storage and separation applications, the most common laboratory techniques used to obtain such data, with a focus on multicomponent equilibria measurements, and the main challenges associated with this process. We cover challenges for high pressure pure gas adsorption, multicomponent gas adsorption equilibria, kinetic gas adsorption and diffusion measurements, and the difficulty of accurately defining and calculating adsorption capacities. Recent developments, including porous reference materials for high pressure gas adsorption, and new techniques and apparatus for multicomponent gas adsorption equilibria measurements, are also highlighted.

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Fig. 1

Reproduced from Pérez-Botella et al. [114] under a Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Reproduced from Nguyen et al. [107] under a Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Reproduced with permission from Hurst et al. [73]. © 2019 Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

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Reproduced with permission from Hurst et al. [73]. © 2019 Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

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Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society

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Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society

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Reproduced with permission from Ottiger, S., Pini, R., Storti, G., Mazzotti, M.: Competitive adsorption equilibria of CO2 and CH4 on a dry coal. Adsorption 14(4–5), 539–556 (2008), Springer Nature

Fig. 15

Reproduced from Broom et al. [19] under a Creative Commons license CC BY NC ND 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society

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Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society

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Acknowledgements

Professor Orhan Talu is gratefully acknowledged for many useful discussions, particularly during the development of the IMB method. I am also grateful for fruitful discussions with various colleagues and co-authors, including Professor Mark Thomas, Dr Mike Benham, Dr Michael Hirscher, Dr Jim Webb, and Dr Theodore Steriotis. Professor Matthias Thommes has always been remarkably willing to answer my questions about the IUPAC guidelines and other such matters, and recent discussions with Dr Danny Shade, particularly with regard to categorizing different measurement techniques, were also of great benefit. Professor Peter Monson is also thanked for clarifying the Myers and Monson [105] definition of absolute adsorption. Finally, Dr David Danaci and Dr Carsten Wedler are thanked for drawing my attention recently to relevant papers on net, excess and absolute adsorption.

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Broom, D.P. Challenges in characterizing adsorbents for gas storage and separation. Adsorption (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-023-00424-9

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