Abstract
Plants have a large diversity of metabolites in order to carry out the complicated plant metabolic pathway in a coordinated manner under normal as well as stressful conditions. These metabolites are further subdivided into primary metabolites which are responsible the for main metabolic pathways that are critical for the survival of plants and secondary metabolites which are not necessary for the main metabolic pathway for growth and development but are involved in developing the ability of the plants to interact with the surrounding adverse environment. Plants produce a diversity of secondary metabolites (PSMs) that serve as defense compounds against herbivores and microorganisms. In addition, some PSMs attract animals for pollination and seed dispersal. Pathogens gain entry into host cell, reproduce there and use biological machinery of host plants which is threat to global crop production. Integrated management strategies based upon minimizing population and use of resistant cultivars can address this potential problem. In the developing world, farmers are less likely to adopt these approaches instead they prefer the use of chemical pesticides. Reckless use of chemical pesticides is destroying our ecosystem, which is why ecofriendly alternatives, like plant-based metabolites to control pathogens, must be explored. Studies conducted on different plant metabolites reported that these metabolites can potentially combat plant pathogens. In this study, we also discuss some of the plant secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolics, and antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and chitinase.
Zusammenfassung
Pflanzen verfügen über eine große Vielfalt an Metaboliten, die die komplizierten pflanzlichen Stoffwechselwege sowohl unter normalen als auch unter stressigen Bedingungen koordiniert ablaufen lassen. Diese Metaboliten werden weiter unterteilt in primäre Metaboliten, die für die wichtigsten Stoffwechselwege verantwortlich sind, die für das Überleben der Pflanzen äußerst wichtig sind, und sekundäre Metaboliten, die für die wichtigsten Stoffwechselwege für Wachstum und Entwicklung nicht notwendig sind, aber an der Entwicklung der Fähigkeit der Pflanzen beteiligt sind, mit der umgebenden ungünstigen Umwelt zu interagieren. Pflanzen produzieren eine Vielzahl von Sekundärmetaboliten (PSM), die als Abwehrstoffe gegen Pflanzenfresser und Mikroorganismen dienen. Darüber hinaus locken einige PSM Tiere zur Bestäubung und Samenverbreitung an. Krankheitserreger dringen in die Wirtszelle ein, vermehren sich dort und nutzen die biologische Maschinerie der Wirtspflanzen, was eine Bedrohung für die weltweite Pflanzenproduktion darstellt. Integrierte Bewirtschaftungsstrategien, die auf der Minimierung der Population und der Verwendung resistenter Sorten basieren, können dieses potenzielle Problem lösen. In den Entwicklungsländern sind die Landwirte weniger geneigt, diese Ansätze zu übernehmen, sondern bevorzugen den Einsatz von chemischen Pestiziden. Der rücksichtslose Einsatz von chemischen Pestiziden zerstört unser Ökosystem. Deshalb müssen umweltfreundliche Alternativen erforscht werden, z. B. pflanzliche Stoffwechselprodukte zur Bekämpfung von Krankheitserregern. Studien zu verschiedenen Pflanzenmetaboliten haben ergeben, dass diese Metaboliten potenziell Pflanzenpathogene bekämpfen können. In dieser Studie haben wir auch einige pflanzliche Sekundärmetaboliten wie Alkaloide, Flavonoide und Phenole sowie antioxidative Enzyme wie Peroxidase, Polyphenoloxidase und Chitinase untersucht.
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Y. Jha and H.I. Mohamed declare that they have no competing interests.
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Jha, Y., Mohamed, H.I. Plant Secondary Metabolites as a Tool to Investigate Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 771–790 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00669-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00669-4