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Control of invasive apple snails and their use as pollutant ecotoxic indicators: a review

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Abstract

Apple snails are one of the most survived fresh water invasive species that causes massive economic loss to vegetations, especially to the rice fields. They survive against many environmental stressors and are considered as a major pest in water-lodged cultivated area due to their intrusiveness, adaptation mechanisms and survivability. Therefore, there is a need for strategies to control their population. Snails can also be used as pollution bioindicators. Here we review apple snails for their ecotoxic management without compromising environment and co-inhabitants, and their use as semi-sessile invasive ecotoxic marker species. Snails have been found to accumulate 0.19–0.21% biphenyl ethers, 1.65% copper sulphate with 26.7% morality, 1.53–29.7% ivermectin, 43% polybrominated biphenyl ethers, 59% triphenylphosphine oxide, 8–100% of various heavy metals and nanoparticles. Feed intake of apple snails can be enhanced up to 22% with copper supplements, while 17 and 100% mortality can be achieved with niclosamide monohydrate (0.13 mg/L) and tea seed derivatives (0.015 g/L) exposure, respectively. Snails respond to stress factors with up to 29.6% higher lipid peroxides and 1.06% protein carbonyls, along with up to 80, 240 and 127% higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes, respectively, after cypermethrin exposure. Oppositely, mercury (2–8 mg/L) and aldicarb can reduce their oxygen consumption and acetylcholinesterase activity of up to 88.1 and 96.08%, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

Encouragements and laboratory facilities provided by the honourable Director, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Bhubaneswar, and the honourable Vice Chancellor, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, are acknowledged. Funding was provided by Science and Engineering Research Board (Grant No. ECR/2016/001984) and Department of Biotechnology, Government of Odisha (in) (Grant No. 1188/ST, Bhubaneswar, dated 01.03.17, ST-(Bio)-02/2017).

Funding

Schemes (Number ECR/2016/001984 by SERB, DST, Govt. of India, and 1188/ST, Bhubaneswar, dated 01.03.17, ST- (Bio)-02/2017 and DST, Govt. of Odisha, India) to BRP are acknowledged.

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BRP helped in conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; funding acquisition; investigation; methodology; project administration; resources; software; supervision; validation; visualization; roles/writing—original draft; writing—review & editing. SGP, AB, KD and LS was involved in concept, writing—original draft; FP contributed to writing—review & editing, writing and revision.

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Correspondence to Biswaranjan Paital.

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The author declares that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Panda, F., Pati, S.G., Bal, A. et al. Control of invasive apple snails and their use as pollutant ecotoxic indicators: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 4627–4653 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01305-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01305-9

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