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Neurovascular remodeling in the aged ischemic brain

  • Neurology and Preclinical Neurological Studies - Review Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Restorative strategies after stroke are focused on the remodeling of cerebral endothelial cells and brain parenchymal cells. The latter, i.e., neurons, neural precursor cells and glial cells, synergistically interact with endothelial cells in the ischemic brain, providing a neurovascular unit whose components can be used as target for stroke therapies. Following focal cerebral ischemia, brain capillary cells are enabled to sprout. Neural precursor cells proliferate and migrate along cerebral microvessels to the ischemic lesion. Glial cells promote the restoration of functional microvessels and at the same time control the buildup of the extracellular matrix, creating a favorable environment to neuronal plasticity both in the ischemic and contralesional brain hemiphere. Until now, a large majority of studies have been performed in young, otherwise healthy animals. Recent behavioral, histochemical and molecular biological studies have shown that restorative brain responses differ between young and old animals, and that they are also modulated by age-related vascular risk factors, i.e., atherosclerosis, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. We claim that age aspects should more carefully be taken into consideration in translational proof-of-concept studies.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (HE3173/2-1, HE3173/2-2 and HE3173/3-1; to D.M.H.) and the Dr.-Werner-Jackstädt Foundation (to D.M.H.). This study was also supported by UEFISCDI, PN-II-ID-PCCA-2012 Grant No 80 to APW and UEFISCDI FLARE2 (to A.M.B.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Dirk M. Hermann

  2. Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania

    Ana-Maria Buga & Aurel Popa-Wagner

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany

    Ana-Maria Buga & Aurel Popa-Wagner

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  1. Dirk M. Hermann
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  2. Ana-Maria Buga
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  3. Aurel Popa-Wagner
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Correspondence to Aurel Popa-Wagner.

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Hermann, D.M., Buga, AM. & Popa-Wagner, A. Neurovascular remodeling in the aged ischemic brain. J Neural Transm 122 (Suppl 1), 25–33 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-013-1148-0

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