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Nanger, Eudorcas, Gazella, and Antilope form a well-supported chromosomal clade within Antilopini (Bovidae, Cetartiodactyla)

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Abstract

The evolutionary clade comprising Nanger, Eudorcas, Gazella, and Antilope, defined by an X;BTA5 translocation, is noteworthy for the many autosomal Robertsonian fusions that have driven the chromosome number variation from 2n = 30 observed in Antilope cervicapra, to the 2n = 58 in present Eudorcas thomsoni and Eudorcas rufifrons. This work reports the phylogenetic relationships within the Antilopini using comprehensive cytogenetic data from A. cervicapra, Gazella leptoceros, Nanger dama ruficollis, and E. thomsoni together with corrected karyotypic data from an additional nine species previously reported in the literature. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using BAC and microdissected cattle painting probes, in conjunction with differential staining techniques, provide the following: (i) a detailed analysis of the E. thomsoni chromosomes, (ii) the identification and fine-scale analysis the BTA3 orthologue in species of Antilopini, and (iii) the location of the pseudoautosomal regions on sex chromosomes of the four species. Our phylogenetic analysis of the chromosomal data supports monophyly of Nanger and Eudorcas and suggests an affiliation between A. cervicapra and some of the Gazella species. This renders Gazella paraphyletic and emphasizes a closer relationship between Antilope and Gazella than what has previously been considered.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the project “CEITEC” Central European Institute of Technology (ED1.1.00/02.0068) from European Regional Development Funds, partly by Grant No. P502/11/0719 from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (HC, SK, OK, MV, JR) and by grants from the South African National Research Foundation (TJR, CAM).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEITEC - Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Halina Cernohorska, Svatava Kubickova, Olga Kopecna, Miluse Vozdova & Jiri Rubes

  2. Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Conrad A. Matthee & Terence J. Robinson

Authors
  1. Halina Cernohorska
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  2. Svatava Kubickova
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Correspondence to Halina Cernohorska.

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Fig. S1

(a) Gel showing satellite DNA patterns after PCR analysis with SI (detection of satI DNA) and SII (detection of satII DNA) primers and dissected X;BTA5 fusion sites as templates. The PCR amplicons derived from NDR, GLE and ACE were prepared in Cernohorska et al. (2012) study. (b) Gel showing satellite DNA patterns after PCR analysis with SI and SII primers and dissected NDRX functional centromeres as template. PK = positive control, NK = negative control; molecular weights are represented on the first line (GIF 89 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 553 kb)

Table S1

List of chromosome fusions identified within Antilopini of the X;BTA5 clade by G- banding and comparative painting with whole-chromosome and region-specific probes derived from cattle. Classification of Antilopini was carried out following Groves and Grubb (2011). The highlighted characters were modified with regard to the FISH results published in Cernohorska et al. (2012) (see the text). R = References: 1 = Cernohorska et al. (2012); 2 = O´Brien et al. (2006); 3 = Vassart et al. (1995); 4 = Kumamoto et al. (1995). (PDF 40 kb)

Table S2

Presence and absence matrix of the chromosomal rearrangement included in this study. Taxon names are abbreviated to represent the genus and first two letters of the species in each instance. BTA, MKI and AMA represent outgroup taxa (see text for details). (PDF 38 kb)

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Cernohorska, H., Kubickova, S., Kopecna, O. et al. Nanger, Eudorcas, Gazella, and Antilope form a well-supported chromosomal clade within Antilopini (Bovidae, Cetartiodactyla). Chromosoma 124, 235–247 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-014-0494-5

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