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Informing TiRe-LII assumptions for soot nanostructure and optical properties for estimation of soot primary particle diameter

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Abstract

Time-resolved laser-induced incandescence for primary particle size determination is tested using three model carbon blacks. Optical properties change as does the nanostructure upon laser annealing, whereas aggregate morphology and primary particle size remain equivalent to the original material, as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Primary particle diameters found from fitting experimentally measured time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (LII) signals with existing models do not match the particle diameters as directly visualized by TEM. The accommodation coefficient is shown to be a crucial parameter which can result in substantial variations in simulated conductive cooling profiles for particle sizing. Aggregate structure in the form of intra-aggregate connectivity and shielding is an additional underlying cause for erroneous particle sizing, not presently captured by LII models.

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Abbreviations

IR:

Infra-red

HOMO:

Highest occupied molecular orbital

LUMO:

Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

LII:

Laser-induced Incandescence

NIR:

Near infra-red

RDG-FA:

Rayleigh–Debye–Gans approximation for fractal aggregates

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TTH:

Time–temperature history

UV:

Ultraviolet

YAG:

Yttrium aluminum garnet

C :

Heat capacity, J/mol K

d p :

Primary particle diameter, nm

E g :

Optical band gap, eV

E(m) :

Index of refraction function

h :

Planck’s constant, 6.626 × 10−34 m2 kg/s

t :

time, s

T :

Temperature, K

α :

Thermal accommodation coefficient

π :

pi, 3.1415926

ρ :

Density, g/cm3

λ :

Wavelength, nm

Ʌ :

Heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 K

σ abs :

Absorption cross-section

ν :

Frequency of incident radiation, Hz

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET), under Grant number 1236757. TEM was performed using the facilities of the Materials Research Institute at The Pennsylvania State University. Guidance and support on using LIISim and LIISim 3.0 provided by Raphael Mansmann is much appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. John and Willie Leone Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and the EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Madhu Singh, Joseph P. Abrahamson & Randy L. Vander Wal

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  1. Madhu Singh
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  3. Randy L. Vander Wal
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Correspondence to Randy L. Vander Wal.

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Singh, M., Abrahamson, J.P. & Vander Wal, R.L. Informing TiRe-LII assumptions for soot nanostructure and optical properties for estimation of soot primary particle diameter. Appl. Phys. B 124, 130 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-018-6994-x

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