Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A low-cost and highly efficient method of reducing coolant leakage for direct metal printed injection mold with cooling channels using optimum heat treatment process procedures

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) provides lots of benefits and potentials in manufacturing molds or dies with sophisticated conformal cooling channels. It is known that the conformal cooling technology provides effective cooling to reduce cycle time for increasing productivity. Ordinarily, mold inserts fabricated by general printing procedures will result in coolant leakage in the injection molding process. The yield in the manufacturing of fully dense injection molding tools was limited to the very narrow working widow. In addition, high costs of fully dense injection mold fabricated by MAM constitute the major obstacle to its application in the mold or die industry. In general, the high cost of MAM is approximately 50–70% more expensive than conventional computer numerical control machining. In this study, a low-cost and highly efficient method of reducing coolant leakage for direct metal printed injection mold with cooling channels was proposed. This new method employs general process parameters to manufacture the green injection mold rapidly and then uses optimum heat treatment (HT) procedures to improve microstructure of the green injection mold. The results of this study revealed that optimum HT procedures can prevent coolant leakage and save manufacturing time of the injection mold fabricated by direct metal laser sintering. The evolution mechanisms of microstructure were investigated experimentally. The saving in the injection mold manufacture time about 67% can be obtained using the general process parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kuo C-C, Chen W-H (2021) Improving cooling performance of injection molding tool with conformal cooling channel by adding hybrid fillers. Polymers 13:1224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Urbanic RJ, Saqib SM (2019) A manufacturing cost analysis framework to evaluate machining and fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing approaches. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 102(9–12):3091–3108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brauner C, Küng M, Arslan D, Maurer C (2021) Fused filament fabrication based on polyhydroxy ether (phenoxy) polymers and related properties. Polymers 13:1549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bagalkot A, Pons D, Symons D, Clucas D (2021) Analysis of raised feature failures on 3D printed injection moulds. Polymers 13:1541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Findrik Balogová A, Trebuňová M, Ižaríková G, Kaščák Ľ, Mitrík L, Klímová J, Feranc J, Modrák M, Hudák R, Živčák J (2021) In vitro degradation of specimens produced from PLA/PHB by additive manufacturing in simulated conditions. Polymers 13:1542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jiang J, Newman ST, Zhong RY (2020) A review of multiple degrees of freedom for additive manufacturing machines. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 34(1)

  7. Jiang J, Xiong Y, Zhang Z, Rosen DW (2020) Machine learning integrated design for additive manufacturing. J Intell Manuf. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-020-01715-6

  8. Jiang J (2020) A novel fabrication strategy for additive manufacturing processes, Journal of Cleaner Production. Volume 272:122916

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dong G, Marleau-Finley J, Zhao YF (2019) Investigation of electrochemical post-processing procedure for Ti-6Al-4V lattice structure manufactured by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 104:3401–3417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hasan M, Zhao J, Huang Z, Wei D, Jiang Z (2019) Analysis and characterisation of WC-10Co and AISI 4340 steel bimetal composite produced by powder–solid diffusion bonding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103(9–12):3247–3263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ling Z, Wu J, Wang X, Li X, Zheng (2019) Experimental study on the variance of mechanical properties of polyamide 6 during multi-layer sintering process in selective laser sintering. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 101(5–8):1227–1234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yan Z, Wang T, Yang Y, Wang Z, Ma (2017) Sintering densification behaviors and microstructural evolvement of W-Cu-Ni composite fabricated by selective laser sintering. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90(1–4):657–666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yamamoto S, Azuma H, Suzuki S, Kajino S, Sato N, Okane T, Nakano S, Shimizu T (2019) Melting and solidification behavior of Ti-6Al-4V powder during selective laser melting. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103(9–12):4433–4442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wei D, Anniyaer A, Koizumi Y, Aoyagi K, Chiba A (2019) On microstructural homogenization and mechanical properties optimization of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloy additively manufactured by using electron beam melting. Additive Manuf 28:215–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Manfredi D et al (2013) Direct metal laser sintering: an additive manufacturing technology ready to produce lightweight structural parts for robotic applications, (in English). Metall Ital 105(10):15–24

    Google Scholar 

  16. Owen I, Sutcliffe CJ, Tsopanos S, Wong M (2007) Selective laser melting of heat transfer devices. Rapid Prototyp J 13(5):291–297 2007/10/02

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yan C, Hao L, Hussein A, Bubb SL, Young P, Raymont D (2014) Evaluation of light-weight AlSi10Mg periodic cellular lattice structures fabricated via direct metal laser sintering, (in English). J Mater Process Technol 214(4):856–864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Tancogne-Dejean T, Spierings AB, Mohr D (2016) Additively-manufactured metallic micro-lattice materials for high specific energy absorption under static and dynamic loading. Acta Mater 116:14–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kuo C, Jiang Z, Yang X et al (2020) Characterization of a direct metal printed injection mold with different conformal cooling channels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:1223–1238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Delgado J, Ciurana J, Rodríguez CA (2012) Influence of process procedures on part quality and mechanical properties for DMLS and SLM with iron-based materials. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 60:601–610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mognol P, Jégou L, Rivette M, Furet B (2006) High speed milling, electro discharge machining and direct metal laser sintering: a method to optimize these processes in hybrid rapid tooling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 29:35–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Attarzadeh F, Fotovvati B, Fitzmire M, Asadi E (2020) Surface roughness and densification correlation for direct metal laser sintering. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:2833–2842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Contaldi V, Del Re F, Palumbo B et al (2019) Mechanical characterisation of stainless steel parts produced by direct metal laser sintering with virgin and reused powder. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:3337–3351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kundu S, Hussain M, Kumar V, Kumar S, Das AK (2018) Direct metal laser sintering of TiN reinforced Ti6Al4V alloy based metal matrix composite: fabrication and characterization. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 97:2635–2646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. AlMangour B, Yang J (2017) Understanding the deformation behavior of 17-4 precipitate hardenable stainless steel produced by direct metal laser sintering using micropillar compression and TEM. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90:119–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Alafaghani A, Qattawi A, Castañón MAG (2018) Effect of manufacturing procedures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of metal laser sintering parts of precipitate hardenable metals. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99:2491–2507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Mazzarisi M, Campanelli SL, Angelastro A, Dassisti M (2020) Phenomenological modelling of direct laser metal deposition for single tracks. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 111:1955–1970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kozior T, Bochnia J (2020) The influence of printing orientation on surface texture parameters in powder bed fusion technology with 316L steel. Micromachines 11:639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Lampitella V, Trofa M, Astarita A, D’Avino G (2021) Discrete element method analysis of the spreading mechanism and its influence on powder bed characteristics in additive manufacturing. Micromachines 12:392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Nguyen HD, Sedao X, Mauclair C, Bidron G, Faure N, Moreno E, Colombier J-P, Stoian R (2020) Non-diffractive bessel beams for ultrafast laser scanning platform and proof-of-concept side-wall polishing of additively manufactured parts. Micromachines 11:974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Dunđer M, Vuherer T, Samardžić I, Marić D (2019) Analysis of heat-affected zone microstructures of steel P92 after welding and after post-weld heat treatment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 102:3801–3812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kekana N, Shongwe MB, Johnson OT, Babalola BJ (2019) Densification behaviour and the effect of heat treatment on microstructure, and mechanical properties of sintered nickel-based alloys. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:2227–2233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Li P, Gong Y, Liang C, Yang Y, Cai M (2019) Effect of post-heat treatment on residual stress and tensile strength of hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:2579–2592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Skryabin N, Kalinkin A, Dyakonov I, Kulik S (2020) Femtosecond laser written depressed-cladding waveguide 2 × 2, 1 × 2 and 3 × 3 directional couplers in Tm3+:YAG crystal. Micromachines 11:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Auwal ST, Ramesh S, Yusof F, Manladan SM (2018) A review on laser beam welding of titanium alloys. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 97:1071–1098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Abdo BMA, El-Tamimi AM, Anwar S et al (2018) Experimental investigation and multi-objective optimization of Nd:YAG laser micro-channeling process of zirconia dental ceramic. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98:2213–2230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mutua J, Nakata S, Onda T, Chen ZC (2018) Optimization of selective laser melting procedures and influence of post heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel. Mater Des 139:486–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sufiiarov VS, Popovich AA, Borisov EV, Polozov IA, Masaylo DV, Orlov AV (2017) The effect of layer thickness at selective laser melting. Procedia Eng 174:126–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Yadroitsev I, Bertrand P, Smurov I (2007) Parametric analysis of the selective laser melting process. Appl Surf Sci 253(19):8064–8069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hu Z, Zhu H, Zhang H, Zeng X (2017) Experimental investigation on selective laser melting of 17-4PH stainless steel. Opt Laser Technol 87:17–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Moghaddas MA, Yi AY, Graff KF (2019) Temperature measurement in the ultrasonic-assisted drilling process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:187–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Campidelli AFV, Lima HV, Abrão AM, Maia AAT (2019) Development of a wireless system for milling temperature monitoring. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 104:1551–1560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hangai Y, Takada K, Fujii H, Aoki Y, Aihara Y, Nagahiro R, Amagai K, Utsunomiya T, Yoshikawa N (2020) Foaming of A1050 aluminum precursor by generated frictional heat during friction stir processing of steel plate. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 106:3131–3137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Jiang X, Jia J, Liu C, Wang H (2020) A novel method for measuring squareness errors of multi-axis machine tools based on spherical S-shaped trajectories using a double ball bar. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 111:2773–2785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zahoor S, Abdul-Kader W, Ishfaq K (2020) Sustainability assessment of cutting fluids for flooded approach through a comparative surface integrity evaluation of IN718. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 111:383–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Bai Y, Wang D, Yang YQ, Wang H (2019) Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Eng A 760:105–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Mutua J, Nakata S, Onda T, Chen ZC (2018) Optimization of selective laser melting parameters and influence of post heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel. Mater Des 139:486–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Song J, Tang Q, Feng Q, Ma S, Setchi R, Liu Y, Hanb Q, Fan X, Zhang M (2019) Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical behaviours of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting. Opt Laser Technol 120:105725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Bai Y, Yang Y, Wang D, Zhang M (2017) Influence mechanism of parameters process and mechanical properties evolution mechanism of maraging steel 300 by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Eng A 703:116–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Bodziak S, Al-Rubiae KS, Valentina LD, Lafratta FH, Santos EC, Zanatta AM, Chen Y (2019) Precipitation in 300 grade maraging steel built by selective laser melting: Aging at 510 °C for 2 h. Mater Charact 151:73–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Rombouts M, Kruth JP, Froyen L, Mercelis P (2006) Fundamentals of selective laser melting of alloyed steel powders. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 55(1):187–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Xu X, Ganguly S, Ding J, Guo S, Williams S, Martina F (2018) Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of maraging steel produced by wire+ arc additive manufacture process. Mater Charact 143:152–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Shamantha CR, Narayanan R, Iyer KJL, Radhakrishnan VM, Seshadri SK, Sundararajan S, Sundaresan S (2000) Microstructural changes during welding and subsequent heat treatment of 18Ni (250-grade) maraging steel. Mater Sci Eng A 287(1):43–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Jin SY, Pramanik A, Basak AK, Prakash C, Shankar S, Debnath S (2020) Burr formation and its treatments—a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:2189–2210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05203-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Munhoz MR, Dias LG, Breganon R, Ribeiro FSF, de Souza Gonçalves JF, Hashimoto EM, da Silva Júnior CE (2020) Analysis of the surface roughness obtained by the abrasive flow machining process using an abrasive paste with oiticica oil. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 106:5061–5070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Tyagi P, Goulet T, Riso C, Garcia-Moreno F (2019) Reducing surface roughness by chemical polishing of additively manufactured 3D printed 316 stainless steel components. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 100:2895–2900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Yung KC, Zhang SS, Duan L, Choy HS, Cai ZX (2019) Laser polishing of additive manufactured tool steel components using pulsed or continuous-wave lasers. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:425–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Nagalingam AP, Yeo SH (2018) Effects of ambient pressure and fluid temperature in ultrasonic cavitation machining. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98:2883–2894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, He X, Wang Z, Chi G, Chen X, Song M (2020) Micro electrochemical machining of array micro-grooves using in-situ disk electrode fabricated by micro-WEDM. Micromachines 11:66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Lee W-L, Shih P-J, Hsu C-C, Dai C-L (2019) Fabrication and characterization of flexible thermoelectric generators using micromachining and electroplating techniques. Micromachines 10:660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Kirsch B, Bohley M, Arrabiyeh PA, Aurich JC (2017) Application of ultra-small micro grinding and micro milling tools: possibilities and limitations. Micromachines 8:261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Gong Y, Yang Y, Qu S, Li P, Liang C, Zhang H (2019) Laser energy density dependence of performance in additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing of 316L stainless steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:1585–1596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Tran HC, Lo YL (2019) Systematic approach for determining optimal processing parameters to produce parts with high density in selective laser melting process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:4443–4460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Song C, Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Yu J (2014) Research on rapid manufacturing of CoCrMo alloy femoral component based on selective laser melting. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 75:445–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Zhang D, Cai Q, Liu J, He J, Li R (2013) Microstructural evolvement and formation of selective laser melting W–Ni–Cu composite powder. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 67:2233–2242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Cao L (2019) Study on the numerical simulation of laying powder for the selective laser melting process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105(5-6):2253–2269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Li R, Liu J, Shi Y, Wang L, Jiang W (2012) Balling behavior of stainless steel and nickel powder during selective laser melting process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 59(9-12):1025–1035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Sun S, Zheng L, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H (2015) Selective laser melting of Al-Fe-V-Si heat-resistant aluminum alloy powder: modeling and experiments. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 80(9-12):1787–1797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Tonelli L, Liverani E, Valli G, Fortunato A, Ceschini L (2020) Effects of powders and process procedures on density and hardness of A357 aluminum alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 106(1-2):371–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Zhang G, Chen C, Wang X, Wang P, Zhang X, Gan X, Zhou K (2018) Additive manufacturing of fine-structured copper alloy by selective laser melting of pre-alloyed Cu-15Ni-8Sn powder. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96(9-12):4223–4230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Criales LE, Arısoy YM, Özel T (2016) Sensitivity analysis of material and process procedures in finite element modeling of selective laser melting of Inconel 625. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 86:2653–2666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Guddati S, Kiran ASK, Leavy M, Ramakrishna S (2019) Recent advancements in additive manufacturing technologies for porous material applications. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:193–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Kadir AZA, Yusof Y, Wahab MS (2020) Additive manufacturing cost estimation models—a classification review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:4033–4053

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Rao NS, Schumacher G, Schott NR, O’Brien KT (2002) Optimization of cooling systems in injection molds by an easily applicable analytical model. J Reinf Plast Compos 21:451–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Zhang J, Liu Z (2017) Transient and steady-state temperature distribution in monolayer-coated carbide cutting tool. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 91:59–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. N S Rao, G Schumacher, (2004) Design formulas for plastics engineers, second ed., Hanser Verlag: Munich, Pages 145–148.

  77. White JL, Bernhardt EC (1983) Computer aided engineering for injection molding. Hanser, New York, pp 105–106

    Google Scholar 

  78. Shayfull Z, Sharif S, Zain AM, Saad RM, Fairuz MA (2013) Milled groove square shape conformal cooling channels in injection molding process. Mater Manuf Process 28:884–891

    Google Scholar 

  79. Liu C, Cai Z, Dai Y, Huang N, Xu F, Lao C (2018) Experimental comparison of the flow rate and cooling efficiency of internal cooling channels fabricated via selective laser melting and conventional drilling process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90(1–4):119–126

    Google Scholar 

  80. Ng EY-K, Guannan D (2015) The stability of 30-μm-diameter water jet for jet-guided laser machining. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 78(5–8):939–946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Chen WC, Nguyen MH, Chiu WH, Chen TN, Tai PH (2016) Optimization of the plastic injection molding process using the Taguchi method, RSM, and hybrid GA-PSO. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83(9–12):1873–1886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. MF Adnan, AB AbdullahE, Z Samad, (2017)“ Springback behavior of AA6061 with non-uniform thickness section using Taguchi Method,” Int J Adv Manuf Technol, Volume 89, Issue 5–8, Pages 2041–2052.

  83. Pinar AM, Filiz S, Ünlü BS (2016) A comparison of cooling methods in the pocket milling of AA5083-H36 alloy via Taguchi method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83(9–12):1431–1440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Gong G, Chen JC, Guo G (2017) Enhancing tensile strength of injection molded fiber reinforced composites using the Taguchi-based six sigma approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 91(9–12):3385–3393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Zhou M, Kong L, Xie L, Fu T, Jiang G, Feng Q (2017) Design and optimization of non-circular mortar nozzles using finite volume method and Taguchi method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90(9–12):3543–3553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Park H, Rhee B (2016) Effects of the viscosity and thermal property of fluids on the residual wall thickness and concentricity of the hollow products in fluid-assisted injection molding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 86:3255–3265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Lu L, Han J, Fan C, Xia L (2018) A predictive feedrate schedule method for sculpture surface machining and corresponding B-spline-based irredundant PVT commands generating method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98:1763–1782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Lan X, Li C, Yang L, Xue C (2018) Deformation analysis and improvement method of the Ni-P mold core in the injection molding process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99:2659–2668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Abbès B, Abbès F, Abdessalam H, Upganlawar A (2019) Finite element cooling simulations of conformal cooling hybrid injection molding tools manufactured by selective laser melting. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:2515–2522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Kuo CC, Jiang ZF, Lee JH (2019) Effects of cooling time of molded parts on rapid injection molds with different layouts and surface roughness of conformal cooling channels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:2169–2182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Fan X, Jin X, He Z, Yuan S (2020) Determination of pressurizing rate during hot gas forming with integrated heat treatment of Al–Cu–Li alloy: deformation and strengthening behaviors. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 110:1665–1676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Pisanu L, Santiago LC, Barbosa JDV, Beal VE, Nascimento MLF (2021) Effect of the process parameters on the adhesive strength of dissimilar polymers obtained by multicomponent injection molding. Polymers 13:1039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Dinda SK, Kockelmann W, Roy GG, Srirangam P (2020) Neutron diffraction bulk texture study with impact property correlation of electron beam welded dissimilar Fe-7%Al alloy to steel joints. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 108:1499–1508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Meng L, Khan AM, Zhang H, Fang C, He N (2020) Research on surface residual stresses generated by milling Ti6Al4V alloy under different pre-stresses. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:2597–2608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Dong Y, Yan W, Wu Z, Zhang S, Liao T, You Y (2020) Modeling of shrinkage characteristics during investment casting for typical structures of hollow turbine blades. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 110:1249–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05861-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Huang P, Shih LK, Lin H et al (2019) Novel approach to investment casting of heat-resistant steel turbine blades for aircraft engines. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 104:2911–2923. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04178-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Jiang RS, Zhang DH, Bu K, Wang WH, Tian JW (2017) A deformation compensation method for wax pattern die of turbine blade. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88(9–12):3195–3203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Cui K, Wang W, Jiang R, Zhao D (2018) Layout optimization method for core holders in wax pattern mold of hollow turbine blade. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98(1–4):1031–1045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Liverani E, Lutey AHA, Ascari A, Fortunato A (2020) The effects of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and solubilization heat treatment on the density, mechanical properties, and microstructure of austenitic stainless steel parts produced by selective laser melting (SLM). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:109–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Zhang H, Xu W, Xu Y, Lu Z, Li D (2018) The thermal-mechanical behavior of WTaMoNb high-entropy alloy via selective laser melting (SLM): experiment and simulation. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96:461–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang D (2016) A study on the residual stress during selective laser melting (SLM) of metallic powder. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 87:647–656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Khorasani AM, Gibson I, Ghaderi A, Mohammed MI (2019) Investigation on the effect of heat treatment and process procedures on the tensile behaviour of SLM Ti-6Al-4V parts. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 101:3183–3197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Al-Tamimi AA, Huang B, Vyas C, Hernandez M, Peach C, Bartolo P (2019) Topology optimised metallic bone plates produced by electron beam melting: a mechanical and biological study. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 104:195–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Weng C, Li J, Lai J, Liu J, Wang H (2020) Investigation of interface thermal resistance between polymer and mold insert in micro-injection molding by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. Polymers 12:2409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Wei H (2021) Optimisation on thermoforming of biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) by numerical modelling. Polymers 13:654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Erchiqui F, Zaafrane K, Baatti A, Kaddami H, Imad A (2020) Reliability of free inflation and dynamic mechanics tests on the prediction of the behavior of the polymethylsilsesquioxane–high-density polyethylene nanocomposite for thermoforming applications. Polymers 12:2753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Chang C-Y (2021) Nonuniform heating method for hot embossing of polymers with multiscale microstructures. Polymers 13:337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Wawrzyniak P, Karaszewski W (2020) Blowing Kinetics, Pressure Resistance, Thermal stability, and relaxation of the amorphous phase of the PET container in the SBM process with hot and cold mold. Part II: Stat Anal Interpretation Tests Polym 12:1761

    Google Scholar 

  109. Vitiello L, Russo P, Papa I, Lopresto V, Mocerino D, Filippone G (2021) Flexural properties and low-velocity impact behavior of polyamide 11/basalt fiber fabric laminates. Polymers 13:1055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Ruiz-Silva E, Rodríguez-Ortega M, Rosales-Rivera LC, Moscoso-Sánchez FJ, Rodrigue D, González-Núñez R (2021) Rotational molding of poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene blends: effects of the mixing strategy on the physical and mechanical properties. Polymers 13:217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Koutsomichalis A, Kalampoukas T, Mouzakis DE (2021) Mechanical testing and modeling of the time–temperature superposition response in hybrid fiber reinforced composites. Polymers 13:1178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Abate KM, Nazir A, Jeng JY (2021) Design, optimization, and selective laser melting of vin tiles cellular structure-based hip implant. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 112:2037–2050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Marin F, de Souza AF, Ahrens CH, de Lacalle LNL (2021) A new hybrid process combining machining and selective laser melting to manufacture an advanced concept of conformal cooling channels for plastic injection molds. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 113:1561–1576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Dilberoglu UM, Gharehpapagh B, Yaman U, Dolen M (2021) Current trends and research opportunities in hybrid additive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 113:623–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Code availability

Not applicable.

Funding

This study received financial support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under contract nos. MOST 109-2637-E-131-004 and MOST 107-2221-E-131-018.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan

    Chil-Chyuan Kuo & Shao-Xuan Qiu

  2. Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan

    Chil-Chyuan Kuo

  3. Department of Industrial Design, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan

    Xin-Yi Yang

Authors
  1. Chil-Chyuan Kuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shao-Xuan Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xin-Yi Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Chil-Chyuan Kuo: wrote the paper, conceived and designed the analysis, performed the analysis, and conceptualization.

Shao-Xuan Qiu and Xin-Yi Yang: collected the data and contributed data or analysis tools

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chil-Chyuan Kuo.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kuo, CC., Qiu, SX. & Yang, XY. A low-cost and highly efficient method of reducing coolant leakage for direct metal printed injection mold with cooling channels using optimum heat treatment process procedures. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 115, 2553–2570 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07323-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07323-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation