Abstract
Key message
A major stable QTL for flag leaf width was narrowed down to 2.5 Mb region containing two predicated putative candidate genes, and its effects on yield-related traits was characterized.
Abstract
Flag leaf width (FLW) is important to production in wheat. In a previous study, a major quantitative trait locus for FLW (QFlw-5B) was detected on chromosome 5B, within an interval of 6.5 cM flanked by the markers of XwPt-9103 and Xbarc142, using a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Kenong9204 (KN9204) and Jing411 (J411) (denoted as KJ-RILs). The aim of this study was to fine map QFlw-5B and characterize its genetic effects on yield-related traits. Multiple near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed using one residual heterozygous line for QFlw-5B. Five recombinants for QFlw-5B were identified, and its location was narrowed to a 2.5 Mb region based on combined phenotypic and genotypic data analysis. This region contained 27 predicted genes, two of which were considered as the most likely candidate genes for QFlw-5B. The FLW of NIL-KN9204 was significantly higher than that of NIL-J411 across all the tested environments. Meanwhile, significant increases in plant height, grain width and 1000-grain weight were observed in NIL-KN9204 compared with that in NIL-J411. These results indicate that QFlw-5B has great potential for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs designed to improve both plant architecture and yield. This study also provides a basis for the map-based cloning of QFlw-5B.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability statement
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its electronic supplementary information files, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
References
Araus JL, Tapia L (1987) Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics of wheat flag leaf blades and sheaths during grain filling: the case of a spring crop grown under mediterranean climate conditions. Plant Physiol 85:667–673. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.85.3.667 (PMID: 16665757)
Cao JL, Zeng Q, Zhu JG (2022). Responses of photosynthetic characteristics and gene expression in different wheat cultivars to elevated ozone concentration at grain filling stage. Acta agronomica sinica https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1809.S.20220129.1914.004.html
Chai L, Chen Z, Bian R, Zhai H, Cheng X, Peng H, Yao Y, Hu Z, Xin M, Guo W, Sun Q, Zhao A, Ni Z (2018) Dissection of two quantitative trait loci with pleiotropic effects on plant height and spike length linked in coupling phase on the short arm of chromosome 2D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 131:2621–2637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3177-4
Chen M, Luo J, Shao G, Wei X, Tang S, Sheng Z, Song J, Hu P (2012) Fine mapping of a major QTL for flag leaf width in rice, qFLW4, which might be caused by alternative splicing of NAL1. Plant Cell Rep 31:863–872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-011-1207-7
Chen Z, Cheng X, Chai L, Wang Z, Bian R, Li J, Zhao A, Xin M, Guo W, Hu Z, Peng H, Yao Y, Sun Q, Ni Z (2020) Dissection of genetic factors underlying grain size and fine mapping of QTgw.cau-7D in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 133:149–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03447-5
Cho SH, Yoo SC, Zhang H, Pandeya D, Koh HJ, Hwang JY, Kim GT, Paek NC (2013) The rice narrow leaf2 and narrow leaf3 loci encode WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A (OsWOX3A) and function in leaf, spikelet, tiller and lateral root development. New Phytol 198:1071–1084. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12231
Cui F, Zhang N, Fan X, Zhang W, Zhao C, Yang L, Pan R, Chen M, Han J, Zhao X, Ji J, Tong Y, Zhang H, Jia J, Zhao G, Li J (2017) Utilization of a Wheat660K SNP array-derived high-density genetic map for high-resolution mapping of a major QTL for kernel number. Sci Rep 7:3788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04028-6
Curtis T, Halford N (2014) Food security: the challenge of increasing wheat yield and the importance of not compromising food safety. Ann Appl Biol 164:354–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12108
Danese I, Haine V, Delrue RM, Tibor A, Lestrate P, Stevaux O, Mertens P, Paquet JY, Godfroid J, Bolle XD, Letesson JJ (2004) The Ton system, an ABC transporter, and a universally conserved GTPase are involved in iron utilization by brucella melitensis 16M. Infect Immun 72:5783–5790. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.10.5783-5790.2004
Devi KD, Punyarani K, Singh NS, Devi HS (2013) An efficient protocol for total DNA extraction from the members of order Zingiberales-suitable for diverse PCR based downstream applications. Springerplus 2:669. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-669
Fan X, Cui F, Zhao C, Zhang W, Yang L, Zhao X, Han J, Su Q, Ji J, Zhao Z, Tong Y, Li J (2015) QTLs for flag leaf size and their influence on yield-related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Breed 35:24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0205-9
Fujino K, Matsuda Y, Ozawa K, Nishimura T, Koshiba T, Fraaije MW, Sekiguchi H (2008) NARROW LEAF 7 controls leaf shape mediated by auxin in rice. Mol Genet Genomics 279:499–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-008-0328-3
Hu J, Zhu L, Zeng D, Gao Z, Guo L, Fang Y, Zhang G, Dong G, Yan M, Liu J, Qian Q (2010) Identification and characterization of narroe and rolled leaf 1, a novel gene regulating leaf morphology and plant architecture in rice. Plant Mol Biol 73:283–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-010-9614-7
Ishiwata A, Ozawa M, Nagasaki H, Kato M, Noda Y, Yamaguchi T, Nosaka M, Shimizu-Sato S, Nagasaki A, Maekawa M, Hirano HY, Sato Y (2013) Two WUSCHEL-related homeobox genes, narrow leaf2 and narrow leaf3, control leaf width in rice. Plant Cell Physiol 54:779–792. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct032
Jiang D, Li YG, Yu SL, Kong LJ (2003) Accumulation and redistribution of temporal reservesin vegetative organsand its contribution to grain weight in high yield winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin 29:31–36. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2003.01.006
Jin J, Liu D, Qi Y, Ma J, Zhen W (2020) Major QTL for seven yield-related traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 11:1012. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.01012
Khaliq I, Irshad A, Ahsan M (2008) Awns and flag leaf contribution towards grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cereal Res Commun 36:65–76. https://doi.org/10.1556/crc.36.2008.1.7
Koller-Eichhorn R, Marquardt T, Gail R, Wittinghofer A, Kostrewa D, Kutay U, Kambach C (2007) Human OLA1 defines an ATPase subfamily in the Obg family of GTP-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 282:19928–19937. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M700541200
Li W, Wu C, Hu G, Xing L, Qian W, Si H, Sun Z, Wang X, Fu Y, Liu W (2013) Characterization and fine mapping of a novel rice narrow leaf mutant nal9. J Integr Plant Biol 55:1016–1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12098
Lian J, Zhang D, Wu B, Song X, Ma W, Zhou L, Feng Y, Sun D (2016) QTL Mapping of flag leaf traits using an integrated high-density 90K genotyping chip. J Triticeae Crops 36:689–698. https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2016.06.02
Liu K, Xu H, Liu G, Guan P, Zhou X, Peng H, Yao Y, Ni Z, Sun Q, Du J (2018) QTL mapping of flag leaf-related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 131:839–849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-3040-z
Love MI, Huber W, Anders S (2014) Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol 15:550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8
Ma S, Wang M, Wu J, Guo W, Chen Y, Li G, Wang Y, Shi W, Xia G, Fu D, Kang Z, Ni F (2021) Wheat Omics: a platform combining multiple omics data to accelerate functional genomics studies in wheat. Mol Plant 14:1965–1968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2021.10.006
Maekawa S, Ueda Y, Yanagisawa S (2018) Over expression of a Brix domain-containing ribosome biogenesis factor ARPF2 and its interactor ARRS1 causes morphological changes and lifespan extension in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 9:1177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01177
Mei HW, Li ZK, Shu QY, Guo LB, Wang YP, Yu XQ, Ying CS, Luo LJ (2003) Gene actions of QTLs affecting several agronomic traits resolved in a recombinant inbred rice population and two testcross populations. Theor Appl Genet 110:649–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1890-7
Patterson TG, Moss DN, Brun WA (1980) Enzymatic changes during the senescence of field-grown wheat. Crop Sci 20:15–18. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1980.0011183X002000010005x
Price AH (2006) Believe it or not, QTLs are accurate! Trends Plant Sci 11:213–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.03.006
Qi J, Qian Q, Bu Q, Li S, Chen Q, Sun J, Liang W, Zhou Y, Chu C, Li X, Ren F, Palme K, Zhao B, Chen J, Chen M, Li C (2008) Mutation of the rice narrow leaf1 gene, which encodes a novel protein, affects vein patterning and polar auxin transport. Plant Physiol 147:1947–1959. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.118778
Semagn K, Iqbal M, Chen H, Perez-Lara E, Bemister DH, Xiang R, Zou J, Asif M, Kamran A, Diaye AN, Randhawa H, Beres BL, Pozniak C, Spaner D (2021) Physical mapping of QTL associated with agronomic and end-use quality traits in spring wheat under conventional and organic management systems. Theor Appl Genet 134:3699–3719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03923-x
Sharma SN, Sain RS, Sharma RK (2003) The genetic control of flag leaf length in normal and late sown durum wheat. J Agric Sci 141:323–331. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603003642
Singh DP, Singh AK, Singh A (2021) Breeding of crop ideotypes. Plant Breed Cultivar Dev 25:497–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817563-7.00021-0
Tian Y, Zhang H, Xu P, Chen X, Liao Y, Han B, Chen X, Fu X, Wu X (2015) Genetic mapping of a QTL controlling leaf width and grain number in rice. Euphytica 202:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-014-1263-5
Tomar SK, Kumar P, Prakash B (2011) Deciphering the catalytic machinery in a universally conserved ribosome binding ATPase YchF. Biochem Bioph Res Co 408:459–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.052
Tu Y, Liu H, Liu J, Tang H, Mu Y, Deng M, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Chen G, Wang J, Qi P, Pu Z, Chen G, Peng Y, Jiang Y, Xu Q, Kang H, Lan X, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Ma J (2021) QTL mapping and validation of bread wheat fag leaf morphology across multiple environments in different genetic backgrounds. Theor Appl Genet 134:261–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03695-w
Wang P, Zhou G, Cui K, Li Z, Yu S (2012) Clustered QTL for source leaf size and yield traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Breed 29:99–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-010-9529-7
Wang P, Zhou G, Yu H, Yu S (2011) Fine mapping a major QTL for flag leaf size and yield-related traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet 123:1319–1330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1669-6
Wang Y, Pang Y, Chen K, Zhai L, Shen C, Wang S, Xu J (2020) Genetic bases of source-, sink-, and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice. Crop J 8:119–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2019.05.001
Wu Q, Chen Y, Fu L, Zhou S, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhang D, Ouyang S, Wang Z, Li D, Wang G, Zhang D, Yuan C, Wang L, You M, Han J, Liu Z (2015) QTL mapping of flag leaf traits in common wheat using an integrated high-density SSR and SNP genetic linkage map. Euphytica 208:337–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1603-0
Xue S, Xu F, Li G, Zhou Y, Lin M, Gao Z, Su X, Xu X, Jiang G, Zhang S, Jia H, Kong Z, Zhang L, Ma Z (2013) Fine mapping TaFLW1, a major QTL controlling flag leaf width in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 126:1941–1949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-013-2108-7
Yan X, Wang SG, Yang B, Zhang WJ, Cao YP, Shi YG, Sun DZ, Jing RL (2020) QTL mapping for flag leaf-related traits and genetic effect of QFLW-6A on flag leaf width using two related introgression line populations in wheat. PLoS ONE 15:e0229912. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229912
Yang D, Liu Y, Cheng H, Chang L, Chen J, Chai S, Li M (2016) Genetic dissection of flag leaf morphology in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under diverse water regimes. BMC Genet 17:94. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0399-9
Zhang B, Ye W, Ren D, Tian P, Peng Y, Gao Y, Ruan B, Wang L, Zhang G, Guo L, Qian Q, Gao Z (2015) Genetic analysis of flag leaf size and candidate genes determination of a major QTL for flag leaf width in rice. Rice 8:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-014-0039-9
Zhao C, Bao Y, Wang X, Yu H, Ding A, Guan C, Cui J, Wu Y, Sun H, Li X, Zhai D, Li L, Wang H, Cui F (2018) QTL for flag leaf size and their influence on yield-related traits in wheat. Euphytica 214:209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-018-2288-y
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Youth Innovation Technology Support Planning Project for Institution of Higher Education of Shandong Province, China (2019KJF002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871612), the Major Basic Research Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2019ZD16), Shandong Provincial Key Research and development program (2019GNC106126), and Yantai New and Old Kinetic Energy Conversion Research Institute and Yantai Science and Technology Achievement Transfer Demonstration Base Funded Project (2019XJDN007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
CZ and FC designed the research; XL, HL, ZZ and RQ performed the experiments; WK, SZ, SW and YC conducted the field trials; HS and YW analyzed the data; CZ, RQ and FC wrote the manuscript and all authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Ethical standards
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors contributed to the study and approved the final version for submission. The manuscript has not been submitted to any other journal.
Conflict of interest
The authors have not disclosed any competing interests.
Additional information
Communicated by Philomin Juliana.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Figures S1
Genomic distribution of InDel (> 3 bp) between KN9204 and J411 in the region of KN599.35–607.26. The abscissa indicates the physical position of the InDel; the ordinate indicates the length of the InDel; the positive value of the InDel (above) indicates an insertion in KN9204, while a negative value of InDel (below) indicates a deletion in KN9204. (XLS 63 KB)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, C., Liu, X., Liu, H. et al. Fine mapping of QFlw-5B, a major QTL for flag leaf width in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 135, 2531–2541 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04135-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04135-7