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Myco-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Metarhizium anisopliae against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

Each year, mosquito-borne diseases infect nearly 700 million people, resulting more than one million deaths. In this study, we proposed a Metarhizium anisopliae-based method of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles to control the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. In acute toxicity experiments, larvae (I–IV instar) and pupae of A. culicifacies were exposed to M. anisopliae-synthesized silver nanoparticles (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 ppm). LC50 of silver nanoparticles was 32.8 ppm (I), 39.8 ppm (II), 45.9 ppm (III), 51.9 (IV), and 60.0 ppm (pupa). Lower dosages of myco-synthesized silver nanoparticles have detrimental effects on larval and pupal development of A. culicifacies. EI50 was 14.9 ppm. Overall, this research highlighted that myco-synthesized silver nanoparticles can be proposed as effective tools for eco-friendly control of the rural malaria vector A. culicifacies.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. S. Jaronski and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Prof. K. Murugan is grateful to the Department of Science and Technology (New Delhi, India), Project No. DST/SB/EMEQ-335/2013, for providing financial support. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Compliance with ethical standards

All applicable international and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Duraisamy Amerasan, Thiyagarajan Nataraj, Kadarkarai Murugan, Chellasamy Panneerselvam & Pari Madhiyazhagan

  2. Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Marcello Nicoletti

  3. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Benelli

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  1. Duraisamy Amerasan
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  2. Thiyagarajan Nataraj
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  3. Kadarkarai Murugan
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  6. Marcello Nicoletti
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Correspondence to Giovanni Benelli.

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Communicated by S.T. Jaronski.

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Amerasan, D., Nataraj, T., Murugan, K. et al. Myco-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Metarhizium anisopliae against the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). J Pest Sci 89, 249–256 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-015-0675-x

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