Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the histodifferentiation of somatic embryogenesis obtained from leaf explants of C. arabica. Therefore, we histologically analyzed the respective stages of the process: leaf segments at 0, 4, 7, 15 and 30 days of cultivation, Type 1 primary calli (primary calli with embryogenic competence) and 2 (primary calli with no embryogenic competence), embryogenic calli, globular, torpedo and cotyledonary embryos, and mature zygotic embryos. Callus formation occurred after seven days of culture, with successive divisions of procambium cell. In this cultivation phase, it was found that Type 1 primary calli are basically formed by parenchymal cells with reduced intercellular spacing, whereas Type 2 primary calli are predominantly composed of parenchymal cells with ample intercellular spaces and embryogenic calli composed entirely of meristematic cells. After 330 days, it was evident from the differentiation of somatic embryogenesis that there was formation of globular somatic embryos, consisting of a characteristic protoderm surrounding the fundamental meristem. With the maturation of these propagules after 360 days, torpedo-stage somatic embryos arose, in which tissue polarization and early differentiation of procambial strands were verified. After 390 days, cotyledonary somatic embryos were obtained, where the onset of vessel elements differentiation was verified, a characteristic also observed in mature zygotic embryos. We concluded that somatic embryogenesis obtained from C. arabica leaves initiates from procambium cell divisions that, in the course of cultivation, produce mature somatic embryos suitable for regenerating whole plants.
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Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2-iP :
-
dimethyl-allylamino purine
- IBA :
-
indole butyric acid
- BAP :
-
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA :
-
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA:
-
indoleacetic acid
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Grant 305121/2015-4), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) (Grant 001-2011/39) for fellowship, research grants and financial support.
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P.M.C.B. and H.T.G. performed and designed experiments, analyzed and interpreted data and wrote the manuscript. S.M.G. and S.C.V.F. assisted in morpho-anatomical and histochemical analysis. J.B.T. assisted in selection and collection of coffee material in the field, designed experiments, analyzed data. J.E.S.P. designed experiments, analyzed data and wrote the manuscript. All authors agreed to the final version for publication.
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Bartos, P.M.C., Gomes, H.T., Gomes, S.M. et al. Histology of somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica L.. Biologia 73, 1255–1265 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-0131-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-018-0131-5