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Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. from Leaf-Derived Callus Induced with 6-Benzylaminopurine

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Abstract

A somatic embryogenesis system was developed for Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. from leaf explants obtained from fresh flushes of a mature tree. Callus was induced from the midrib region of leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 6-benzylaminopurine. Callus induction and somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the size, physiological age, and orientation of leaf explants on the culture medium and plant growth regulators. Adaxial-side-up orientation of leaf explants significantly promoted embryogenesis in comparison with abaxial-side-up orientation. Maximum number of somatic embryos was induced on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Scanning electron microscopy of embryogenic callus revealed somatic embryo origin and the development of globular-, heart-, and cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. The frequency of maturation as well as germination of somatic embryos was higher on MS medium containing 8.88 μM 6-benzylaminopurine than on medium without 6-benzylaminopurine. Plantlets which developed from somatic embryos were acclimatized successfully with 90 % survival.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D :

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

ABA:

Abscisic acid

BA:

6-Benzylaminopurine

KIN:

Kinetin

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

PGRs:

Plant growth regulators

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Allahabad, for the identification of this plant. We are highly thankful to Prof. Dinesh Kumar and Prof. CM Chaturvedi (Head), Dept. of Zoology, BHU, for providing the SEM facility. University Grants Commission (UGC) is highly acknowledged for the financial assistance for authors RS and NK.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India

    Reetika Singh & Nishi Kumari

  2. Biotechnology Centre, Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342033, India

    Manoj Kumar Rai

Authors
  1. Reetika Singh
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  2. Manoj Kumar Rai
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  3. Nishi Kumari
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Correspondence to Nishi Kumari.

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Singh, R., Rai, M.K. & Kumari, N. Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. from Leaf-Derived Callus Induced with 6-Benzylaminopurine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 177, 498–510 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1758-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1758-0

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