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Hybrid breeding boosted molecular genetics in rye

  • Published:
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research

Abstract

The history of rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding began from the first targeted selections made in Germany by the Probsteier Seed Cooperative around 1850, and over 150 years of breeding yielded a tremendous amount of results. Rye has also long been used as cytological subject due to its low number of chromosomes and their size. However, genetic findings in rye up to the early 1980s were rather scant. About 120 genes could be assigned to seven linkage groups. However, since then development of new methods such as C-banding procedures, in situ DNA hybridization, enzymology and molecular marker techniques achieved an enormous progress. Particularly, the latter of these was driven by the agronomic success of hybrid breeding in rye. The basic genetic knowledge resulting from intra- and interspecies genetic diversity assay and phylogenetic studies in the Secale genus used nuclear and cytoplasmic molecular markers to facilitate successful selection of parents for hybrid breeding and hence contribute to improvement of heterosis effect. The main achievements in rye hybrid breeding and genetic mechanisms exploited for different hybrid breeding strategies are discussed. The exploitation of landraces or wild rye species gene pools via advanced backcross QTL analysis or introgression libraries to increase the heterosis effect is a prospective strategy of marker-assisted hybrid breeding in rye. Prediction of hybrid performance can also be improved significantly by marker-assisted selection and genomic selection based on genome-wide marker data. The findings in rye genetics (including phylogenetic, mapping and population studies) are reviewed in their relation with the hybrid breeding purposes and demands. Overall, about 450 morphological and biochemical traits are mapped throughout the the genome plus about 5,000 DNA markers. They are not only associated with individual chromosome or segments but also efficiently used for comparative mapping (evolutionary studies), introgression monitoring, QTL tagging, and marker-assisted selection.

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Schlegel, R. Hybrid breeding boosted molecular genetics in rye. Russ J Genet Appl Res 6, 569–583 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079059716050105

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