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An extensive review on chromium (vi) removal using natural and agricultural wastes materials as alternative biosorbents

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Abstract

Several conventional techniques for heavy metals decontamination for instance ion exchange, evaporation, precipitation and electroplating have been utilized in preceding years. Though these techniques have some drawbacks, adsorption using low-cost biosorbents is environmentally friendly. In this study, the potential of several natural and agricultural wastes as economical biosorbents for the reduction of Cr(VI) ions from polluted water has been reviewed. The application of adsorption models, as well as the impact of adsorption factors on heavy metals eradication, has been considered in this review. The study revealed that efficient reduction of Cr(VI) from water and wastewaters is highly dependent on the pH of the solution, shaking time, adsorbent type, initial concentration and temperature. The review of the relevant literature indicates that the maximum removal efficiency of Cr(VI) using the various low-cost adsorbents ranged from 50.0–100.0% with optimum pH and contact time ranging from 2.0–6.0 and 30.0–180.0 min, respectively at room temperature (25.0 °C). Furthermore, considering all the studies reviewed, the pseudo-second-kinetics and Langmuir isotherm are the dominant models that best described the Cr(VI) equilibrium data. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the biosorption of Cr(VI) on the biosorbents was spontaneous, realistic and endothermic at the temperature range of 30.0–45.0 °C. It is found that the natural and agricultural wastes as cheap biosorbents are feasible replacements to commercial activated carbons for metal-contaminated water treatment. However, gaps have been identified to improve applicability, regeneration, reuse and safe discarding of the laden adsorbents, optimization and commercialization of suitable agricultural adsorbents.

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Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank Prof. Kenneth B. Pelig-Ba of the Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences for his moral support during the conduct of this review research. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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  1. Department of Science and Mathematics Education, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Postal Box 24, Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana

    Jonas Bayuo

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Postal Box 24, Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana

    Jonas Bayuo

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Bayuo, J. An extensive review on chromium (vi) removal using natural and agricultural wastes materials as alternative biosorbents. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 19, 1193–1207 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00641-w

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