Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Elevated Uptake and Translocation Patterns of Heavy Metals in Different Food Plants Parts and Their Impacts on Human Health

  • Research
  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Irrigation with contaminated wastewater is a common practice in cultivation of crops and vegetables in many developing countries due to the scarcity of available fresh water. The present study has investigated the transfer and mobilization trends of heavy metals in different crops and vegetables plants grown in contaminated soil and waterbody. The translocation patterns of metals from polluted sources into different organs of plants bodies such as roots and edible parts and associated health risks have been evaluated simultaneously. Total of 180 different environmental samples including food plants, agricultural soil, and irrigation water were collected and analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As) in water, soil, and different parts of crops and vegetable plants were compared with the permissible levels reported by FAO/WHO, EU, and USEPA. Different metals contents within the food plants were found to be in the order of Fe > Mn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > As. Pollution load index (PLI) data indicate that soil is highly polluted with Cd as well as moderately contaminated by As and Cu. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis showed excessive accumulation of some heavy metals in crops and vegetables. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) analysis data showed higher carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for both adult and children from the consumption of metal-contaminated food items. The results of metal pollution index (MPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), and hazard index (HI) analyses demonstrated the patterns of metals pollution in different food plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

References

  1. Alam M, Khan M, Khan A et al (2018) Concentrations, dietary exposure, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in market vegetables of Peshawar, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 190:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6881-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Chiu YH, Williams PL, Gillman MW et al (2018) Maternal intake of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables in relation to fetal growth. Environ Int 119:421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Banerjee BP, Raval S, Zhai H, Cullen PJ (2017) Health condition assessment for vegetation exposed to heavy metal pollution through airborne hyperspectral data. Environ Monit Assess 189:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6333-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aytop H (2023) Evaluation of environmental and ecological risks caused by metals in agricultural areas: an example in the Amik Plain of South Turkey. Int J Environ Health Res 33:1418–1429. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2022.2097203

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Pecoraro GD, Hortellani MA, Hagiwara YS et al (2019) Bioaccumulation of total mercury (THg) in catfish (Siluriformes, Ariidae) with different sexual maturity from Cananéia-Iguape Estuary, SP, Brazil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 102:175–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2485-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Navaretnam R, Soong AC, Goo AQ et al (2023) Human health risks associated with metals in paddy plant (Oryza sativa) based on target hazard quotient and target cancer risk. Environ Geochem Health 45:2309–2327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01344-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Aytop H, Ateş Ö, Dengiz O et al (2023) Environmental, ecological and health risks of boron in agricultural soils of Amik Plain under Mediterranean conditions. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 37:2069–2081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02380-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bhatti ZI, Ishtiaq M, Khan SA et al (2022) Contamination level, source identification and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in drinking water sources of mining and non-mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Water Health 20:1343–1363. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.087

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ghani J, Nawab J, Ullah Z et al (2023) Multivariate statistical methods and GIS-based evaluation of potable water in urban children’s parks due to potentially toxic elements contamination: a children’s health risk assessment study in a developing country. Sustain 15:1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Goni MA, Ahmad JU, Halim MA et al (2014) Uptake and translocation of metals in different parts of crop plants irrigated with contaminated water from DEPZ area of Bangladesh. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 92:726–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1264-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Alfaro MR, Ugarte OM, Lima LHV et al (2022) Risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and edible parts of vegetables grown on sites contaminated by an abandoned steel plant in Havana. Environ Geochem Health 44:43–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01092-w

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Khan ZI, Ugulu I, Ahmad K et al (2018) Assessment of trace metal and metalloid accumulation and human health risk from vegetables consumption through spinach and coriander specimens irrigated with wastewater. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 101:787–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2448-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Singh PK, Shikha D, Saw S (2023) Evaluation of potential toxic heavy metal contamination in soil, fly ash, vegetables and grain crops along with associated ecological and health risk assessment of nearby inhabitants of a thermal power station in Jharkhand (India). Environ Sci Pollut Res 30:7752–7769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22638-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nawab J, Khan N, Ahmed R et al (2019) Influence of different organic geo-sorbents on Spinacia oleracea grown in chromite mine-degraded soil: a greenhouse study. J Soils Sediments 19:2417–2432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02260-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ghani J, Nawab J, Faiq ME et al (2022) Multi-geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and source apportionment of potentially toxic elements in urban children’s park soils in Pakistan: a risk assessment study. Environ Pollut 311:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119961

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Margenat A, Matamoros V, Díez S et al (2019) Occurrence and human health implications of chemical contaminants in vegetables grown in peri-urban agriculture. Environ Int 124:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sawut R, Kasim N, Maihemuti B et al (2018) Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the vegetable bases of northwest China. Sci Total Environ 642:864–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.034

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Aytop H, Koca YK, Şenol S (2023) The importance of using soil series-based geochemical background values when calculating the enrichment factor in agricultural areas. Environ Geochem Health 45:6215–6230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01640-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Khan AS, Hakim A, Waliullah et al (2019) Seasonal water quality monitoring of the Bhairab River at Noapara industrial area in Bangladesh. SN Appl Sci 1:1–8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0583-4

  20. Ms I, Mohanta SC, Siddique MA et al (2018) Physico-chemical assessment of water quality parameters in Rupsha River of Khulna Region, Bangladesh. Int J Eng Sci Technol 7:73–78. https://doi.org/10.9790/1813-0701017378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang Z, Lu Y, Li H et al (2018) Assessment of heavy metal contamination, distribution and source identification in the sediments from the Zijiang River, China. Sci Total Environ 645:235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.026

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang XH, Luo WW, Wang Q et al (2018) Metal (loid)-resistant bacteria reduce wheat Cd and As uptake in metal (loid)-contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 241:529–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.088

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu M, Chen J, Sun X et al (2019) Accumulation and transformation of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Yangtze River estuary to the East China Sea shelf. Environ Pollut 245:111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sultana R, Tanvir RU, Hussain KA et al (2022) Heavy metals in commonly consumed root and leafy vegetables in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and assessment of associated public health risks. Environ Syst Res 11:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-022-00261-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Nawab J, Ghani J, Khan S, Xiaoping W (2018) Minimizing the risk to human health due to the ingestion of arsenic and toxic metals in vegetables by the application of biochar, farmyard manure and peat moss. J Environ Manage 214:172–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.093

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ghani J, Nawab J, Khan S et al (2022) Organic amendments minimize the migration of potentially toxic elements in soil–plant system in degraded agricultural lands. Biomass Convers Biorefin 1:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02816-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ametepey ST, Cobbina SJ, Akpabey FJ et al (2018) Health risk assessment and heavy metal contamination levels in vegetables from tamale metropolis, Ghana. Int J Food Contam 5:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-018-0067-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gebeyehu HR, Bayissa LD (2020) Levels of heavy metals in soil and vegetables and associated health risks in Mojo area, Ethiopia. PLoS One 15:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rezapour S, Atashpaz B, Moghaddam SS, Damalas CA (2019) Heavy metal bioavailability and accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) irrigated with treated wastewater in calcareous soils. Sci Total Environ 656:261–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.288

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rahman M, Islam MA (2019) Concentrations and health risk assessment of trace elements in cereals, fruits, and vegetables of Bangladesh. Biol Trace Elem Res 191:243–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1596-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ávila PF, Ferreira da Silva E, Candeias C (2017) Health risk assessment through consumption of vegetables rich in heavy metals: the case study of the surrounding villages from Panasqueira mine, Central Portugal. Environ Geochem Health 39:565–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9834-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Eliku T, Leta S (2017) Heavy metals bioconcentration from soil to vegetables and appraisal of health risk in Koka and Wonji farms, Ethiopia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:11807–11815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8843-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gemeda FT, Guta DD, Wakjira FS, Gebresenbet G (2020) Occurrence of heavy metal in water, soil, and plants in fields irrigated with industrial wastewater in Sabata town, Ethiopia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:12382–12396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10621-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mahurpawar M (2015) Effects of heavy metals on human health effects of heavy metals on human health. Int J Res-GRANTHAALAYAH 3:1–7. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Tran THM, Nguyen KG (2018) Metal and metalloid concentrations in soil, surface water, and vegetables and the potential ecological and human health risks in the northeastern area of Hanoi. Vietnam Environ Monit Assess 190:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6994-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Islam MS, Hoque MF (2014) Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables around the industrial area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and health risk assessment. Int Food Res J 21:2121–2126

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kloke A, Sauerbeck DR, Vetter H (1984) The contamination of plants and soils with heavy metals and the transport of metals in terrestrial food chains. Chang Met Cycles Hum Heal 113–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69314-4_7

  38. Liu CW, Chen YY, Kao YH, Maji SK (2014) Bioaccumulation and translocation of arsenic in the ecosystem of the Guandu Wetland. Taiwan Wetlands 34:129–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0491-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sarwar T, Shahid M, Natasha et al (2020) Quantification and risk assessment of heavy metal build-up in soil–plant system after irrigation with untreated city wastewater in Vehari, Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health 42:4281–4297 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00358-8

  40. Usero J, GonzBlez-Regalado E, Gracia I (1997) Trace metals in the bivalve Molluscs Ruditapes Decussatus and Ruditapes Philippinarum from the Atlantic Coast of Southern Spain. Environ Int M 23(3):291–298 PI1 SO160-4120(97)0003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Pajević S, Arsenov D, Nikolić N et al (2018) Heavy metal accumulation in vegetable species and health risk assessment in Serbia. Environ Monit Assess 190:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6743-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tomlinson DL, Wilson JG, Harris CR, Jeffrey DW (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 33:566–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02414780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. USEPA (2010) Exposure factors handbook- non-dietary ingestion factors. EPA/600/P-95/002Fa, vol. I. Office of Research and Development. National Center for Environmental Assessment. US Environmental Protection Agency. Wahington, DC.

  44. Doabi SA, Karami M, Afyuni M, Yeganeh M (2018) Pollution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soil, atmospheric dust and major food crops in Kermanshah province. Iran. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 163:153–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Li Y, Wang S, Nan Z et al (2019) Accumulation, fractionation and health risk assessment of fluoride and heavy metals in soil-crop systems in northwest China. Sci Total Environ 663:307–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.257

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Sanaei F, Amin MM, Alavijeh ZP, Esfahani RA (2020) Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements intake via food crops consumption : Monte Carlo simulation-based probabilistic and heavy metal pollution index. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:1479–1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10450-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Zhong T, Xue D, Zhao L, Zhang X (2018) Concentration of heavy metals in vegetables and potential health risk assessment in China. Environ Geochem Health 40:313–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9909-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Kladsomboon S, Jaiyen C, Choprathumma C et al (2020) Heavy metals contamination in soil, surface water, crops, and resident blood in Uthai District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Thailand. Environ Geochem Health 42:545–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00388-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Proshad R, Kormoker T, Islam MS, Chandra K (2020) Potential health risk of heavy metals via consumption of rice and vegetables grown in the industrial areas of Bangladesh. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:921–943. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1546114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ihedioha JN, Ukoha PO, Ekere NR (2017) Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil of a municipal solid waste dump in Uyo, Nigeria. Environ Geochem Health 39:497–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9830-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kormoker T, Proshad R, Islam MS et al (2022) Presence of toxic metals in rice with human health hazards in Tangail district of Bangladesh. Int J Environ Health Res 32:40–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2020.1724271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Yang L, Di L, Sun F et al (2020) Bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of trace metals in soils of greenhouse vegetable production near the industrial areas of the Yangtze River Delta , China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:30729–30740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09345-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hussain MI, Qureshi AS (2020) Health risks of heavy metal exposure and microbial contamination through consumption of vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater at Dubai, UAE. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:11213–11226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07522-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Sardar A, Shahid M, Khalid S et al (2020) Risk assessment of heavy metal (loid ) s via Spinacia oleracea ingestion after sewage water irrigation practices in Vehari District. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:39841–39851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09917-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Islam MA, Romić D, Akber MA, Romić M (2018) Trace metals accumulation in soil irrigated with polluted water and assessment of human health risk from vegetable consumption in Bangladesh. Environ Geochem Health 40:59–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9907-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Maiolo M, Mendicino G, Pantusa D, Senatore A (2017) Optimization of drinking water distribution systems in relation to the effects of climate change. Water (Switzerland) 9:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Hussain MI, Muscolo A, Farooq M, Ahmad W (2019) Sustainable use and management of non-conventional water resources for rehabilitation of marginal lands in arid and semiarid environments. Agric Water Manag 221:462–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.04.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. FAO/WHO (1984) Codex Alimentarious Commission,1984. Contaminants, Joint FAO/WHO Food standards Program (Vol. XVII, 1st ed.), Codex Aliment, Geneva.

  59. Awashthi SK (1954) The prevention of food adulteration act, (act 37 of 1954). In: Central and State rules as amended for 1999, 3rd edn. Ashoka Law House, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  60. Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Rehman S et al (2019) Trace metal accumulation in Trigonella foenum-graecum irrigated with wastewater and human health risk of metal access through the consumption. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 103:468–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02673-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Bhuiyan MAH, Suruvi NI, Dampare SB et al (2011) Investigation of the possible sources of heavy metal contamination in lagoon and canal water in the tannery industrial area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environ Monit Assess 175:633–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1557-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Islam MS, Ahmed MK, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M et al (2016) Health risk assessment due to heavy metal exposure from commonly consumed fish and vegetables. Environ Syst Decis 36:253–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-016-9592-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. NEPA-Chaina (1995) Maximum allowable concentrations of metals in plants (MAC). In: National Environmental Protection Agency of China GB, vol 15618. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9139-1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  64. Ateş Ö, Taşpınar K, Yalçın G et al (2022) Ecological and contamination assessment of soil in the region of coal-fired thermal power plant. Int J Environ Health Res 33:1558–1567. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2022.2108384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Varol M, Sünbül MR, Aytop H, Yılmaz CH (2020) Environmental, ecological and health risks of trace elements, and their sources in soils of Harran Plain, Turkey. Chemosphere 245:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Coşkun M, Steinnes E, Frontasyeva MV et al (2006) Heavy metal pollution of surface soil in the thrace region, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 119:545–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9042-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Otunola BO, Ololade OO (2020) A review on the application of clay minerals as heavy metal adsorbents for remediation purposes. Environ Technol Innov 18:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Standards EU (2006) Commission regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union L 364:5–24

    Google Scholar 

  69. FAO/WHO (2007) Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Program Codex Alimentarius Commission 13th Session. Report of the Thirty-Eight Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, Houston, United States of America.

  70. FAO/WHO (2002b) Codex Alimentariusdgeneral Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Food. Schedule 1 Maximum and Guideline Levels for Contaminants and Toxins in Food. Reference CX/FAC 02/16. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Committee, Rotterdam The Netherlands.

  71. Latif A, Bilal M, Asghar W et al (2018) Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables and assessment of their potential health risk. J Environ Anal Chem 5:1–7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-2391.1000234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Song B, Lei M, Chen T et al (2009) Assessing the health risk of heavy metals in vegetables to the general population in Beijing, China. J Environ Sci 21:1702–1709. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62476-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Mahmood A, Malik RN (2014) Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated vegetables collected from different irrigation sources in Lahore, Pakistan. Arab J Chem 7:91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Rahman MM, Asaduzzaman M, Naidu R (2013) Consumption of arsenic and other elements from vegetables and drinking water from an arsenic-contaminated area of Bangladesh. J Hazard Mater 262:1056–1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Begum ML, Naher UHB, Hosen MR, Rahaman A (2019) Levels of heavy metals in soil and vegetables and health risk assessment. Int J Sci Technol Res 8:770–775

    Google Scholar 

  76. Souri MK, Hatamian M, Tesfamariam T (2019) Plant growth stage influences heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables of garden cress and sweet basil. Chem Biol Technol Agric 6:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-019-0170-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Samantaray S, Rout GR, Das P (2001) Heavy metal and nutrient concentration in soil and plants growing on a metalliferous chromite minespoil. Environ Technol 22:1147–1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Naser H, Rahman M, Sultana S et al (2018) Heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in industrial areas under varying levels of pollution. Bangladesh J Agric Res 43:39–51. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i1.36157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Singh S (2012) Heavy metals accumulation and distribution pattern in different vegetable crops. J Environ Chem Ecotoxicol 4:75–81. https://doi.org/10.5897/jece11.076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Intawongse M, Dean JR (2006) Uptake of heavy metals by vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil and their bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract. Food Addit Contam 23:36–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500387554

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Cui YJ, Zhu YG, Zhai RH et al (2004) Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environ Int 30:785–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.01.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Sultana MS, Rana S, Yamazaki S et al (2017) Health risk assessment for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic heavy metal exposures from vegetables and fruits of Bangladesh. Cogent Environ Sci 3:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311843.2017.1291107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Ahmed S, Biswas MH, Mottalib A et al (2019) Assessment of physicochemical properties of surface water of Mokeshbeel, translocation of heavy metals from industry into vegetables and crops through water and soil of Mokeshbeel in Bangladesh and their impact on human body. J Environ Sci Toxicol Food Technol 13:59–71. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1305015971

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Real MIH, Azam HM, Majed N (2017) Consumption of heavy metal contaminated foods and associated risks in Bangladesh. Environ Monit Assess 189:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6362-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kormoker T, Proshad R, Islam MS et al (2021) Concentrations, source apportionment and potential health risk of toxic metals in foodstuffs of Bangladesh. Toxin Rev 40:1447–1460. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2020.1731551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Islam MS, Ahmed MK, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Raknuzzaman M (2015) The concentration, source and potential human health risk of heavy metals in the commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 122:462–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.022

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Miri M, Akbari E, Amrane A et al (2017) Health risk assessment of heavy metal intake due to fish consumption in the Sistan region. Iran Environ Monit Assess 189:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6286-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Mohammadi AA, Zarei A, Majidi S et al (2019) Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad. Iran. MethodsX 6:1642–1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Ahmed M, Matsumoto M, Kurosawa K (2018) Heavy metal contamination of irrigation water, soil, and vegetables in a multi-industry district of Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res 12:531–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-018-0113-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Abbasi AM, Iqbal J, Khan MA, Shah MH (2013) Health risk assessment and multivariate apportionment of trace metals in wild leafy vegetables from Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 92:237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Department of Chemistry at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology as well as the Asia Arsenic Network in Jashore, Bangladesh, for providing necessary instrumental supports during this research.

Funding

The authors are grateful to CASR at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) for financial support to complete this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, 29117, USA

    Md Abdul Goni

  2. Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Md Abdul Goni, Lokman Hosen, M. Abdullah-Al-Mamun & Most. Johura Khatun

  3. Environmental Laboratory, Asia Arsenic Network, Arsenic Centre, Pulerhat Jashore, 7400, Bangladesh

    Abu Shamim Khan

  4. Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA

    Tasneem Siddiquee

Authors
  1. Md Abdul Goni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lokman Hosen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abu Shamim Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Abdullah-Al-Mamun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Most. Johura Khatun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tasneem Siddiquee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Md Abdul Goni conceptualized, designed, and supervised the research project and reviewed and edited the draft as well as the final version of the manuscript; Lokman Hosen carried out main research works, methodology, sample collection, digestions and analyses, data collection, and analyses and wrote the first draft and modified version of the manuscript; Abu Shamim Khan provided instrumental support (AAS), instrument operations, sample analysis, and data collection; M. Abdullah-Al-Mamun provided necessary support and help to collect samples, sample digestion, and data collection; Most. Johura Khatun provided necessary support in the sample digestions and data collection; Tasneem Siddiquee reviewed and edited the final version of the manuscript. Design of the study, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, and writing the manuscript—all works are done by the authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Md Abdul Goni.

Ethics declarations

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Goni, M.A., Hosen, L., Khan, A.S. et al. Elevated Uptake and Translocation Patterns of Heavy Metals in Different Food Plants Parts and Their Impacts on Human Health. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation