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Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: an Up-to-Date Review

  • Orphan Diseases (B Manger, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a paraneoplastic syndrome resulting in renal phosphate wasting and decreased bone mineralization. TIO is usually induced by small, slowly growing tumors of mesenchymal origin (phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor mixed connective tissue variant [PMTMCT]). Nonspecific symptoms including fatigue, bone pain, and musculoskeletal weakness make the diagnosis elusive and often lead to a delay in treatment. The prognosis of TIO is excellent following complete resection of the neoplasm, which leads to the rapid and complete reversal of all symptoms. If the tumor cannot be detected, treatment relies on supplementation with phosphate and active vitamin D compounds. Subsequent radiotherapy in case of incompletely resected tumors or definitive radiotherapy in unresectable tumors is an important treatment option to avoid recurrence or metastasis even though this occurs rarely. Due to the risk of recurrence or late metastases, long-term monitoring is required even in TIO patients diagnosed with a benign tumor.

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Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

Conflict of Interest

Anke H. Hautmann, Matthias G. Hautmann, Oliver Kölbl, Wolfgang Herr, and Martin Fleck declare no conflicts of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine III (Hematology and Oncology), University Medical Center of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany

    Anke H. Hautmann & Wolfgang Herr

  2. Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany

    Matthias G. Hautmann & Oliver Kölbl

  3. Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany

    Martin Fleck

  4. Department of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Asklepios Clinic, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany

    Martin Fleck

Authors
  1. Anke H. Hautmann
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  2. Matthias G. Hautmann
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  3. Oliver Kölbl
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  4. Wolfgang Herr
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Correspondence to Anke H. Hautmann.

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Hautmann, A.H., Hautmann, M.G., Kölbl, O. et al. Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: an Up-to-Date Review. Curr Rheumatol Rep 17, 37 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-015-0512-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-015-0512-5

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