Abstract
In this work, we investigate and characterize graphite electrodes (GE) modified with polymeric films derived from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) for the determination of the Pb(II) in water samples by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The electropolymerization was carried out in acid and basic medium using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The platform with poly(4-ABA) showed higher sensitivity for Pb(II) detection. Then, we performed the optimization of the electropolymerization parameters of 4-ABA where the better electrochemical responses were obtained at a monomer concentration of 0.25 mM with 25 cycles at 25 mV s−1 in the basic media. The modified electrodes showed a decrease in the CV response in a ferricyanide/ferrocyanide potassium solution, and an increase in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) values is obtained by impedance spectroscopy electrochemistry (EIS). The calibration curve obtained for Pb(II) detection showed a linear range from 50 to 3224 µg L−1, with a limit of detection of 13.7 µg L−1 and a limit of quantification of 45.6 µg L−1. Addition and recovery studies showed levels of 94.5%. No detectable levels of Pb(II) under the established conditions were observed in water samples. Therefore, the investigated sensor using poly(4-ABA) is promising for Pb(II) detection in water samples.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, (UFVJM) and Institutional Program of Scientific Initiation Scholarships of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (PIBIC/CNPq). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
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MFFM and LFF: contributed to conceptualization; MFFM, TML and PIS contributed methodology and investigation; MFFM contributed to writing—original draft preparation; PIS, TML, ACP and DLF contributed to writing—review and editing; LFF contributed to funding acquisition, resources and supervision.
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Matos, M.F.F., Soares, P.I., Lima, T.M. et al. Comparison of the modification of graphite electrodes with poly(4-aminobenzoic acid) and poly(4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) for determination of Pb(II). Chem. Pap. 76, 5691–5704 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02282-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02282-1