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Design of sonochemical assisted synthesis of Zr-MOF/g-C3N4-modified electrode for ultrasensitive detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine from biological samples

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Abstract

The rapid fabrication is described of binary electrocatalyst based on a highly porous metal–organic framework with zirconium metal core (Zr-MOF) decorated over the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets via facile ultrasonication method. It is used for the robust determination of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (CLP) from environmental samples. The electrochemical behaviour of 2D Zr-MOF@g-C3N4 was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. The crystalline and porous nature of the composite was characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. The functional groups and surface characteristics were investigated by FT-IR, Raman and XPS. The major electrochemical properties of the Zr-MOF@g-C3N4 composite towards CLP detection were analyzed by CV, chronocoulometric (CC), chronoamperometric (CA) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The composite exhibits a low detection limit (LOD) of 2.45 nM with a linear range of 0.02 to 2.99 µM and attractive sensitivity for CLP. The sensor system shows higher selectivity towards the possible interferences of CLP drug and exhibits better repeatability and stability. Finally, the fabricated sensor system shows a high recovery range varying from 96.2 to 98.9% towards the real samples. The proposed electrochemical probe might be a promising alternative to the prevailing diagnostic tools for the detection of CLP.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2023R429) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work was supported by the TEEP, Ministry of Education, National Taipei University of Technology and Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600 048, India

    M. A. Ashkar, S. Kutti Rani & N. Vasimalai

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan

    M. A. Ashkar & Chih-Yu Kuo

  3. International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan

    M. A. Ashkar & Mani Govindasamy

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Kareem Yusuf

  5. Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, 6021055, Chennai, India

    Mani Govindasamy

  6. Research Center for Intelligence Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan

    Mani Govindasamy

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  1. M. A. Ashkar
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Ashkar, M.A., Kutti Rani, S., Vasimalai, N. et al. Design of sonochemical assisted synthesis of Zr-MOF/g-C3N4-modified electrode for ultrasensitive detection of antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine from biological samples. Microchim Acta 191, 182 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06253-z

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