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Review of numerical methods for simulation of mechanical heart valves and the potential for blood clotting

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Abstract

Even though the mechanical heart valve (MHV) has been used routinely in clinical practice for over 60 years, the occurrence of serious complications such as blood clotting remains to be elucidated. This paper reviews the progress that has been made over the years in terms of numerical simulation method and the contribution of abnormal flow toward blood clotting from MHVs in the aortic position. It is believed that this review would likely be of interest to some readers in various disciplines, such as engineers, scientists, mathematicians and surgeons, to understand the phenomenon of blood clotting in MHVs through computational fluid dynamics.

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Abbreviations

ALE:

Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian

BDI:

Blood damage indexes

BF:

Boundary fitted

BHV:

Bio-prosthetic heart valve

BMHV:

Bileaflet mechanical heart valve

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

CURVIB:

Curvilinear immersed boundary method

DES:

Detached eddy simulation

DNS:

Direct numerical simulation

FD:

Fictitious domain

FV:

Finite volume

IB:

Immersed boundary

IMM:

Immersed membrane method

LBM:

Lattice Boltzmann method

LES:

Large eddy simulation

LV:

Left ventricle

MHV:

Mechanical heart valve

NBF:

Non-boundary fitted

RANS:

Reynolds average Navier–Stokes

SA:

Spalart–Almaras

SPH:

Smooth particle hydrodynamics

SST:

Shear stress transport

TSS:

Turbulent shear stress

URANS:

Unsteady Reynolds average Navier–Stokes

WSS:

Wall shear stress

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Acknowledgements

This research is made possible in part by the Universiti Putra Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (No. 5524382), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and scholarship from the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohamad Shukri Zakaria, Surjatin Wiriadidjaja, Adi Azrif Basri & Kamarul Arifin Ahmad

  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Malaysia

    Mohamad Shukri Zakaria

  3. School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia

    Farzad Ismail

  4. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

    Ahmad Fazli Abdul Aziz

  5. Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan

    Masaaki Tamagawa

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Appendix

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Table 8 Summary of previous MHV numerical studies
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Zakaria, M.S., Ismail, F., Tamagawa, M. et al. Review of numerical methods for simulation of mechanical heart valves and the potential for blood clotting. Med Biol Eng Comput 55, 1519–1548 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1688-9

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