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A novel mathematical model of activation and sensitization of platelets subjected to dynamic stress histories

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Abstract

Blood recirculating devices, such as ventricular assist devices and prosthetic heart valves, are burdened by thromboembolic complications requiring complex and lifelong anticoagulant therapy with its inherent hemorrhagic risks. Pathologic flow patterns occurring in such devices chronically activate platelets, and the optimization of their thrombogenic performance requires the development of flow-induced platelet activation models. However, existing models are based on empirical correlations using the well-established power law paradigm of constant levels of shear stress during certain exposure times as factors for mechanical platelet activation. These models are limited by their range of application and do not account for other relevant phenomena, such as loading rate dependence and platelet sensitization to high stress conditions, which characterize the dynamic flow conditions in devices. These limitations were addressed by developing a new class of phenomenological stress-induced platelet activation models that specifies the rate of platelet activation as a function of the entire stress history and results in a differential equation that can be directly integrated to calculate the cumulative levels of activation. The proposed model reverts to the power law under constant shear stress conditions and is able to describe experimental results in response to a diverse range of highly dynamic stress conditions found in blood recirculating devices. The model was tested in vitro under emulated device flow conditions and correlates well with experimental results. This new model provides a reliable and robust mathematical tool that can be incorporated into computational fluid dynamic studies in order to optimize design, with the goal of improving the thrombogenic performance of blood recirculating devices.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Joylon Jesty for insightful discussions and acknowledge support from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering division of the National Institutes of Health: Quantum Award Phase I R01, EB008004-03 (DB), and Quantum Award: Implementation Phase II-5U01EB012487-02 (DB).

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Sciences Center, T15-090, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8151, USA

    João S. Soares, Jawaad Sheriff & Danny Bluestein

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  1. João S. Soares
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  2. Jawaad Sheriff
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  3. Danny Bluestein
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Correspondence to Danny Bluestein.

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Soares, J.S., Sheriff, J. & Bluestein, D. A novel mathematical model of activation and sensitization of platelets subjected to dynamic stress histories. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 12, 1127–1141 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-013-0469-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-013-0469-0

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