Abstract
Production of coffee beans generates various types of biomass that can be applied as bioenergy for drying and roasting the beans. Thus, the aims of this study were to explore the characteristics of coffee biomass pellets (CBPs) produced from coffee cherry pulp (CCP), coffee parchment (CPM), and expired green coffee beans (ECB) by single and co-pelletization. The CBPs were then used to produce the synthesis gas in a downdraft gasifier, and the syngas properties were investigated for further heat applications. The results showed that single and co-pelletization of CCP and CPM performed well. The CBPs had good physiochemical properties in shape, size, and atomic ratios. The higher heating value and energy density of CBPs were 19.25–24.29 MJ/kg and 12.09–14.87 GJ/m3. The ash from CBPs was rich in K2O, CaO and MgO oxides, and the CPM ash had the lowest initial deformation temperature at 1136 °C. The ash samples from CBPs also had different slagging and fouling indexes. The syngas from CBPs mainly contained H2 (6.85–9.30%), CO (12.15–18.85%), and CO2 (10.85–13.75%). The heating value and tar concentration of syngas from CBPs were 3.24–4.32 MJ/m3 and 21.75–30.92 g/m3. The main chemical compounds in tar were styrene, phenol, caffeine, and pyrrole according to GC–MS. These results indicate that CCP and CPM have potential for pelletization and gasification to generate heat needed for coffee bean processing.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere appreciation to Doi Tung Project (Mae Fah Luang Foundation) for supporting the coffee biomass samples. The appreciation also covers Office of Scientific Instrument and Testing (OSIT), Prince of Songkla University, for analysis support. Lastly, the authors thank the Research and Development Office (RDO), Prince of Songkla University, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seppo Karrila for assistance with the English language.
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This research was supported by the Thailand Research Fund (Industry Division) (Grant No. RDG6050115).
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Arkom Palamanit prepared the biomass and other materials, analyzed the results, and wrote and revised the manuscript. Pumin Kongto did the experiments, prepared the results, and wrote the draft manuscript. Sumate Chaiprapat provided the conceptualization and edited the manuscript. Racha Dechanchaiwong provided the conceptualization, reviewed and edited the manuscript. Thatchapol Chungcharoen prepared the results and reviewed the manuscript. Asif Hayat reviewed and edited the manuscript. Makatar Wae-Hayee analyzed the results and reviewed the manuscript.
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Palamanit, A., Kongto, P., Chaiprapat, S. et al. Exploration of characteristics and synthesis gas suitability for heat generation of coffee biomass pellets produced by single and co-pelletization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 125889–125906 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31050-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31050-1