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Dephenolization of palm oil mill effluent by oil palm fiber-immobilized Trametes hirsuta AK04 in temporary immersion bioreactor for the enhancement of biogas production

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Abstract

The dephenolization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) with oil palm fiber-immobilized Trametes hirsuta AK 04 was conducted in a temporary immersion bioreactor to reduce the inhibitory effects of phenolics in anaerobic digestion. Longer immersion times provided greater removal of phenolics due to a higher release of manganese peroxidase. The most effective dephenolization was observed at 6 h immersed and 2 h non-immersed time (immersion ratio 6/8) with maximum removal of 85% from 1277 mg L−1 of phenolics in 4 days. The immobilized fungus maintained its high activity during multiple repeated batch treatments. The pretreated POME of 2 h showed higher methane yields compared with the untreated POME substrate. The methane yields increased with increasing pretreatment time and dephenolization levels. The results suggested that an increased abundance of methanogens was associated with the detoxification of phenolics. The fungal biomass contained crude protein, amino acids, and essential phenolics, which can be used as animal feed supplements.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information file.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization) and the Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM) for their support in terms of facilities and scientific equipment.

Funding

This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund and Taksin Palm (2521) Co., Ltd. through a Research and Researchers for Industries (RRI) Ph.D. Scholarship (Grant number PHD58I0021); and the graduate school dissertation fund, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Anukool Kietkwanboot & Oramas Suttinun

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Research Institute (PERIN), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Sumate Chaiprapat

  3. Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany

    Rudolf Müller

  4. Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Oramas Suttinun

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  1. Anukool Kietkwanboot
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  2. Sumate Chaiprapat
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  3. Rudolf Müller
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  4. Oramas Suttinun
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Contributions

AK conducted the experiment, processed the experimental data, contributed to the interpretation of the results, and drafted the manuscript. SC supervised the research, verified the analytical methods, and edited the manuscript. RM supervised the research and edited the manuscript. OS conceived and designed the study, supervised the findings of the study, verified the analytical methods, contributed to the interpretation of the results, acquired research funding, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Oramas Suttinun.

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Kietkwanboot, A., Chaiprapat, S., Müller, R. et al. Dephenolization of palm oil mill effluent by oil palm fiber-immobilized Trametes hirsuta AK04 in temporary immersion bioreactor for the enhancement of biogas production. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 7559–7572 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16199-x

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