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Assessment of the impact of ethylene and ethylene modulators in Citrus limon organogenesis

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ethylene-releasing (ACC, Ethephon, Methionine) and -inhibiting (cobalt chloride, silver thiosulfate) compounds on ethylene production and shoot organogenesis of nodal segments, where buds were completely removed, from mature tissues of Citrus limon, Fino 49 and Verna 51 cultivars. The addition of ACC to the culture medium produced a very significant decrease of the regeneration. These results were directly related to the ethylene levels measured in the atmosphere inside the tube. Similar results were observed with ethephon and methionine; the gradual increase in ethylene levels in the tubes, with increasing ethylene-releasing compounds in the culture medium, agrees with the decrease in the regeneration rate observed, but the effect was lower than with ACC. When cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was added to the culture medium, contrary to what was expected, the regeneration decreased in both cultivars and this decreasing was not related with the increase in ethylene production. These observations matched the occurrence of yellowish necrotic explants increasing the concentration of cobalt chloride, probably because of a toxic effect on lemon explants. The increase of silver thiosulfate (STS) in the culture medium enhanced the regeneration percentage in both Verna 51 and Fino 49 cultivars. Nevertheless, ethylene levels increased proportionally with the STS concentration and the regeneration rate. These results may be explained since the effects produced by the high ethylene levels measured in STS experiments were blocked by Ag+ ions, thereby increasing the regeneration percentage. Media to which STS was added produced the highest regeneration percentages. The results obtained in this study showed that ethylene plays an important role in the organogenesis of mature explants of C. limon.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxilic acid

BA:

N6-benzyladenine

DKW:

Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut Medium (Driver and Kuniyuki, 1984)

GA:

Gibberellic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

LSD:

Least significant difference test

STS:

Silver thiosulfate

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Fernando Córdoba for technical assistance in the laboratory. This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Citriculture, IMIDA, C/Mayor s/n, 30150 La Alberca, Murcia, Spain

    N. Navarro-García & O. Pérez-Tornero

  2. Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain

    D. Martínez-Romero

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  1. N. Navarro-García
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  2. D. Martínez-Romero
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  3. O. Pérez-Tornero
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Correspondence to O. Pérez-Tornero.

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Navarro-García, N., Martínez-Romero, D. & Pérez-Tornero, O. Assessment of the impact of ethylene and ethylene modulators in Citrus limon organogenesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 127, 405–415 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1062-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1062-x

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