Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pd–Co alloy as an efficient recyclable catalyst for the reduction of hazardous 4-nitrophenol

  • Published:
Research on Chemical Intermediates Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Palladium–Cobalt (Pd–Co) alloys with different atomic ratios were synthesized successfully by borohydride-assisted chemical reduction method. Pd–Co alloys were characterized to study their physical and chemical properties. Further, the catalytic behavior of the synthesized alloys and effect of cobalt inclusion into alloy for the catalytic behavior was studied using reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The reduction of 4-NP into 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride is one of the eminent model reactions to study catalytic behavior as it enables assessing the catalyst from the kinetic parameters calculated from the real-time spectroscopic monitoring of an aqueous solution. Pd–Co alloys show good catalytic activity towards the reduction of 4-NP and their rate constants were calculated. The catalytic studies reveal that reduction reaction catalyzed by prepared Pd–Co alloys follow the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Among them, Pd26Co74 catalyzed the reduction reaction with the minimum time of 7 min having a rate constant of 6.65 ms−1. The turn over frequency (TOF) for the corresponding alloy was calculated and found to be 26 h−1.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Wang, R. Su, S. Nie, M. Sun, J. Zhang, D. Wu, N. Moustaid-Moussa, J. Nutr. Biochem. 25, 363 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Duygu, Y. Shimeng, H.S.P. Wong, Nanotechnology 24, 382001 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. X. Qu, P.J.J. Alvarez, Q. Li, Water Res. 47, 3931 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Q.A. Pankhurst, J. Connolly, S.K. Jones, J. Dobson, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 36, R167 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. N.N. Nassar, A. Hassan, P. Pereira-Almao, Energy Fuels 25, 1566 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. X.-L. Chen, B.-R. Ai, Y. Dong, X.-M. Zhang, J.-Y. Wang, Tetrahedron Lett. 58, 3646 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T.B. Devi, M. Ahmaruzzaman, Mater. Today Proc. 5, 2098 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. P. Zhou, Z. Zhang, L. Jiang, C. Yu, K. Lv, J. Sun, S. Wang, Appl. Catal. B 210, 522 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Singh, S. Rani, A. Arora, Sanchita, H. Duggal, D. Mehta, Mol. Catal. 431, 15 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Nandi, S. Siwal, M. Choudhary, K. Mallick, Appl. Catal. A 523, 31 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. Cisneros, P. Serna, A. Corma, Chin. J. Catal. 37, 1756 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Ikehata, M. Gamal El-Din, S.A. Snyder, Ozone Sci. Eng. 30, 21 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Prateek, C. Thakur, C. Srivastava Vimal, D. Mall Indra, Int. J. Chem. Reactor Eng. 11, 595 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Shen, Y. Qu, X. Pei, S. Li, S. You, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, J. Zhou, J. Hazard. Mater. 321, 299 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Jaerger, A. dos Santos, A. N. Fernandes, C. A. P. Almeida, Water Air Soil Pollut. 226, 236 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L.L. Bo, Y.B. Zhang, X. Quan, B. Zhao, J. Hazard. Mater. 153, 1201 (2008)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. M.A. Oturan, J. Peiroten, P. Chartrin, A.J. Acher, Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 3474 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. P. Cañizares, C. Sáez, J. Lobato, M.A. Rodrigo, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43, 1944 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M.S. Dieckmann, K.A. Gray, Water Res. 30, 1169 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M.S. Bloomfield, Talanta 58, 1301 (2002)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Roy, B. Debnath, R. Sahoo, T. Aditya, T. Pal, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 493, 288 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. J.O. Otutu, D. Okoro, E.K. Ossai, J. Appl. Sci. 8, 334 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. H.M. Pinheiro, E. Touraud, O. Thomas, Dyes Pigm. 61, 121 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. N.A. Penner, P.N. Nesterenko, Analyst 125, 1249 (2000)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Fedorczyk, J. Ratajczak, O. Kuzmych, M. Skompska, J. Solid State Electrochem. 19, 2849 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. K. Suwannarat, K. Thongthai, S. Ananta, L. Srisombat, Colloids Surf. A 540, 73 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. L. Srisombat, J. Nonkumwong, K. Suwannarat, B. Kuntalue, S. Ananta, Colloids Surf. A 512, 17 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. P. Xu, C. Cen, N. Chen, H. Lin, Q. Wang, N. Xu, J. Tang, Z. Teng, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 526, 194 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. H. Guan, C. Chao, Y. Lu, H. Shang, Y. Zhao, S. Yuan, B. Zhang, J. Chem. Sci. 128, 1355 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. B.P. Chaplin, M. Reinhard, W.F. Schneider, C. Schüth, J.R. Shapley, T.J. Strathmann, C.J. Werth, Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 3655 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Á. Molnár, Chem. Rev. 111, 2251 (2011)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. C.J. Calderón Gómez, R. Moliner, J.M. Lázaro, Catalysts 6, 130 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S. Dhanavel, N. Manivannan, N. Mathivanan, V.K. Gupta, V. Narayanan, A. Stephen, J. Mol. Liq. 257, 32 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Dhanavel, E.A.K. Nivethaa, G. Esther, V. Narayanan, A. Stephen, AIP Proc. 1731, 050092 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  35. S. Dhanavel, T.A. Revathy, A. Padmanaban, V. Narayanan, A. Stephen, J. Mater. Sci Mater. Electron. 29, 14093 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. X. Yang, J.-K. Sun, M. Kitta, H. Pang, Q. Xu, Nat. Catal. 1, 214 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. A.A.S. Nair, R. Sundara, J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 9612 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. B. Coq, F. Figueras, J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 173, 117 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. K. Dhanapal, T.A. Revathy, S. Dhanavel, V. Narayanan, A. Stephen, Surfaces Interfaces 7, 58 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. Yang, W.D. Wang, Z. Dong, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 524, 84 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. A.K. Singh, Q. Xu, ChemCatChem 5, 652 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Y. Peng, B. Lu, N. Wang, L. Li, S. Chen, PCCP 19, 9336 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. E. Toyoda, R. Jinnouchi, T. Hatanaka, Y. Morimoto, K. Mitsuhara, A. Visikovskiy, Y. Kido, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 21236 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J.D. Aiken, R.G. Finke, J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 145, 1 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. J. Krajczewski, K. Kołątaj, A. Kudelski, Appl. Surf. Sci. 388, 624 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. H. Lu, H. Yin, Y. Liu, T. Jiang, L. Yu, Catal. Commun. 10, 313 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. H. Guan, C. Chao, W. Kong, Z. Hu, Y. Zhao, S. Yuan, B. Zhang, J. Nanopart. Res. 19, 187 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. F. Yang, D.L. Zhao, Mater. Sci. Forum 475–479, 3107 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. F.J.C.M. Toolenaar, F. Stoop, V. Ponec, J. Catal. 82, 1 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A.E. Baber, H.L. Tierney, E.C.H. Sykes, ACS Nano 4, 1637 (2010)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. T.A. Revathy, K. Dhanapal, S. Dhanavel, V. Narayanan, A. Stephen, J. Alloys Compd. 735, 1703 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Y. Zhong, Y. Gu, L. Yu, G. Cheng, X. Yang, M. Sun, B. He, Colloids Surf. A 547, 28 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. F. Li, Y. Liu, T. Ma, D. Xu, X. Li, G. Gong, New J. Chem. 41, 4014 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. T. Vats, S. Dutt, R. Kumar, P.F. Siril, Sci Rep. 6, 33053 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. M. Ma, H.A. Hansen, M. Valenti, Z. Wang, A. Cao, M. Dong, W.A. Smith, Nano Energy 42, 51 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. D. Kim, J. Resasco, Y. Yu, A.M. Asiri, P.D. Yang, Nat. Commun. 5, 4948 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. N. Palina, O. Sakata, L.S.R. Kumara, C. Song, K. Sato, K. Nagaoka, T. Komatsu, H. Kobayashi, K. Kusada, H. Kitagawa, Sci Rep. 7, 41264 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. M. Krawczyk, J.W. Sobczak, Appl. Surf. Sci. 235, 49 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. P. Chandran, A. Ghosh, S. Ramaprabhu, Sci. Rep. 8, 3591 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. K.X. Zhu, C.Z. Jin, Z. Klencsar, A.S. Ganeshraja, J.H. Wang, Catalysts 7, 138 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. M.A. Matin, J.-H. Jang, Y.-U. Kwon, J. Power Sour. 262, 356 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. A. Mondal, A. Mondal, B. Adhikary, D.K. Mukherjee, Bull. Mater. Sci. 40, 321 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. S.M. El-Sheikh, A.A. Ismail, J.F. Al-Sharab, New J. Chem. 37, 2399 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Z. Dong, X. Le, C. Dong, W. Zhang, X. Li, J. Ma, Appl. Catal. B 162, 372 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. X. Le, Z. Dong, Y. Liu, Z. Jin, T.-D. Huy, M. Le, J. Ma, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 19696 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. J. Sun, Y. Fu, G. He, X. Sun, X. Wang, Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, 1742 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

One of the authors, T. A. Revathy, acknowledges UGC-UPE-Phase II for the financial assistance as a fellowship. Authors thank Dr. J. Senthil Selvan, Department of Nuclear physics, University of Madras, for access to UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and K. C. Dharani Balaji, IIT Madras, is also acknowledged for HRSEM measurements.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India

    T. A. Revathy, T. Sivaranjani & A. Stephen

  2. Polymer Science and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India

    A. A. Boopathi

  3. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India

    A. A. Boopathi

  4. Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India

    Srinivasan Sampath

  5. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India

    V. Narayanan

Authors
  1. T. A. Revathy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Sivaranjani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. A. Boopathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Srinivasan Sampath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. V. Narayanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A. Stephen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Stephen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Revathy, T.A., Sivaranjani, T., Boopathi, A.A. et al. Pd–Co alloy as an efficient recyclable catalyst for the reduction of hazardous 4-nitrophenol. Res Chem Intermed 45, 815–832 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-018-3645-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-018-3645-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation