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A facile synthesis of dihydropyridines, dihydropyrimidinone and perimidines using Cu immobilized on ovalbumin nanoparticles as a novel and green bio-catalyst

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Abstract

The present work refers to a novel and green method for synthesizing dihydropyridine (DHP), dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM), and perimidine derivatives using Cu immobilized on ovalbumin NPs, (OVL@Cu), as a reusable and environmentally friendly catalyst. Following the preparation of OVL@Cu NPs from egg white, they were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, EDS, and ICP analyses. The FE-SEM images depict a spherical structure with agglomerated nanoparticles and an average size of 80–90 nm for the nanoparticles. In addition, ICP analysis showed that 1.1 mol/g of Cu(OAc)2 was loaded on the OVL(ovalbumin) nanoparticles. The OVL@Cu NPs exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the synthesis of DHP via three component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate (2 mmol), aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol), ammonium carbonate (2 mmol). The same activity of catalyst was observed for synthesis of DHPM via three component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate (1 mmol), aromatic aldehyde (1 mmol), and urea (1.5 mmol)/and also for preparation of perimidine derivatives using two component reaction of naphthalene-1,8-diamine (1 mmol) and aryl aldehyde (1 mmol). The remarkable aspects of these clean methods are short reaction time, high yield of products and no use of toxic organic solvents.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the research council of Arak University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, 38156-88138, Iran

    Akbar Mobinikhaledi, Najmieh Ahadi, Mahdi Omidi & Esmaeil Mirzaei

  2. Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran

    Akbar Mobinikhaledi & Najmieh Ahadi

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  1. Akbar Mobinikhaledi
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Mobinikhaledi, A., Ahadi, N., Omidi, M. et al. A facile synthesis of dihydropyridines, dihydropyrimidinone and perimidines using Cu immobilized on ovalbumin nanoparticles as a novel and green bio-catalyst. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 137, 991–1013 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-024-02589-y

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