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Efficient fault-tolerant quantum dialogue protocols based on dictionary encoding without decoy photons

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Abstract

This paper proposes two efficient block transmission and two efficient two-step transmission quantum dialogue (QD) protocols that are robust against collective-dephasing and collective-rotation noises, respectively. To counter collective noise, the carriers used to carry the message must correspond to the decoherence-free states under this collective noise. In addition to carrying messages, these quantum states and their combinations are used to ensure the security of transmission and prevent message distortion. In quantum communications, decoy photons are often used to detect eavesdroppers and always account for half of the total number of qubits, which is a burden on scarce quantum resources. Due to quantum state disclosure, the decoy photons used for inspection can no longer be utilized for transmission. Therefore, a dictionary is employed as an encoding mechanism to achieve self-checking without revealing these states. This approach enables photons to detect eavesdroppers while concurrently carrying keys. The proposed QD protocols can eliminate the consumption of decoy photons, significantly improve the qubit efficiency, and conduct security analysis to ensure that there is no information leakage. Two transmission modes with the same efficiency can be selected according to the noisy environment and time windows.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially supported by the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. (Grant Nos. NSTC 112-2221-E-005-048, NSTC 111-2634-F-005-001, and NSTC 112-2634-F-005-001-MBK).

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  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan

    Chen-Yu Chang & Jason Lin

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Chang, CY., Lin, J. Efficient fault-tolerant quantum dialogue protocols based on dictionary encoding without decoy photons. Quantum Inf Process 23, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-04210-y

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