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Exploring of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Lignocellulosic Sources as a Powerful Adsorbent for Wastewater Remediation

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Abstract

The increasing global concern over the contamination of natural resources, especially freshwater, has intensified the need for effective water treatment methods. This article focuses on the utilization of Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), sourced from lignocellulosic materials, for addressing environmental challenges. CNCs a product of cellulose-rich sources has emerged as a versatile and eco-friendly solution. CNCs boast unique chemical and physical properties that render them highly suitable for water remediation. Their nanoscale size, excellent biocompatibility, and recyclability make them stand out. Moreover, CNCs possess a substantial surface area and can be modified with functional groups to enhance their adsorption capabilities. Consequently, CNCs exhibit remarkable efficiency in removing a wide array of pollutants from wastewater, including heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, organic micropollutants, oils, and organic solvents. This review delves into the adsorption mechanisms, surface modifications, and factors influencing CNCs’ adsorption capacities. It also highlights the impressive adsorption efficiencies of CNC-based adsorbents across diverse pollutant types. Employing CNCs in water remediation offers a promising, eco-friendly solution, as they can undergo treatment without producing toxic intermediates. As research and development in this field progress, CNC-based adsorbents are expected to become even more effective and find expanded applications in combating water pollution.

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Funding

The authors would like to express gratitude for the financial support received from the Pusat Pengurusan Penyelidikan Inovasi (PPPI) Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) for the financial support. The authors would like to express gratitude for the financial support received from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for the project “The impact of Malaysian bamboos’ chemical and fiber characteristics on their pulp and paper properties”, Grant No. PY/2022/02318—Q.J130000.3851.21H99. The research has been carried out under the programme, Research Excellence Consortium (JPT (BPKI) 1000/016/018/25 (57)), provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    A. S. Norfarhana, R. A. Ilyas & N. H. Ab Hamid

  2. Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    P. S. Khoo & R. A. Ilyas

  3. Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    R. A. Ilyas, H. A. Aisyah & M. S. A. Rani

  4. Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    R. A. Ilyas

  5. Research Centre for Chemical Defense, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim & V. F. Knight

  6. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. S. A. Rani

  7. Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia

    Athanasia Amanda Septevani

  8. Departement of Agricultural Technology, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh, Payakumbuh, West Sumatera, 26271, Indonesia

    Edi Syafri

  9. School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Pratheep K. Annamalai

  10. School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia

    Pratheep K. Annamalai

  11. Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia

    Pratheep K. Annamalai

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  1. A. S. Norfarhana
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Contributions

Conceptualization, R.A.I. and P.S.K.; validation, N.H.A.H., and H.A.A.; resources, A.A.S., E.S., M.N.F.N. and V.F.K.; writing—original draft preparation, A.S.N., P.S.K., and H.A.A. ; writing—review and editing, R.A.I., N.H.A.H., M.N.F.N., V.F.K., M.S.A.R., A.A.S., E.S., and P.K.A.; supervision, R.A.I. and M.N.F.N.; project administration, P.S.K., P.K.A., and H.A.A.; funding acquisition, R.A.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Norfarhana, A.S., Khoo, P.S., Ilyas, R.A. et al. Exploring of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Lignocellulosic Sources as a Powerful Adsorbent for Wastewater Remediation. J Polym Environ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03227-3

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