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Noncovalent Doping of Fullerene (C60) into ZnAl–LDH/PVA Matrix and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Congo Red from Water

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Abstract

In this work fullerene (C60) was noncovalently doped to zinc–aluminum layered double hydroxide/polyvinyl alcohol (ZnAl–LDH/PVA) nanocomposites and the obtained samples were used for the photodegradation of methylene blue and congo red dyes from water solution. The structural, optical properties, surface morphology, specific surface area and chemical composition of C60 doped LDH were characterized by XRD, UV–Vis, PL, SEM, TEM and BET technique. The average crystallite size is increased from 8 to ~ 20 nm, and the dislocation density (δ) decreased from 0.0127 to ~ 0.003 nm2 by the increasing the amount of C60 doping 1% to 10%, 20% and 60%. Fullerene was used as a dopant and support material to improve the photocatalytic activity of LDH. The photodegradation parameters were determined with 1%, 10%, 20% and 60%wt of C60 doped LDH under visible-light. A complete photodegradation of MB (PD% =  ~ 99%) on the nanocomposites occurred during 10 h irradiation The photodegradation rate constant (kapp) is 0.024 min−1 for CR onto 1% C60 doped ZnAl–LDH/PVA. The results show that noncovalent doped C60 into ZnAl–LDH/PVA matrix reduces the recombination of electron–hole pairs and increases the efficiency of the photocatalyst.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the High Molecular Compounds Chemistry sub-department (BSU) for laboratory facilities. The authors also thank Dr. Sevinj Mammadyarova, Dr. Lala Gahramanli, Dr. Sevinj Nuriyeva from Nano-Research laboratory, BSU; Dr. Sima Zulfugarova and Dr. Mirheydar Abbasov from Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, ANAS for XRD, PL, BET and FTIR characterizations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Baku State University, Z. Khalilov Str.; 23, Baku, AZ1148, Azerbaijan

    O. O. Balayeva, A. A. Azizov, R. M. Alosmanov, T. Sh. Israfilli & S. J. Hashimova

  2. Nanoresearch Laboratory, Baku State University, Z. Khalilov Str.; 23, Baku, AZ1148, Azerbaijan

    M. B. Muradov

  3. Department of Cytology, Embryology, and Histology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurghun 163, Baku, Nasimi, AZ1022, Azerbaijan

    E. K. Gasimov

  4. Department of Electron Microscopy of Scientific Research Center, Azerbaijan Medical University, Samad Vurghun Str., 163, Baku, Nasimi, AZ1022, Azerbaijan

    F. H. Rzayev

  5. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, H.Javid av., 119, Baku, AZ1073, Azerbaijan

    N. M. Sadigov & M. I. Abdullayev

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  1. O. O. Balayeva
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OOB: Conceptualization, Characterization, Discussion, Methodology, Writing—review & editing. AAA: Supervision, Project administration TSI: Carried out some of the experiments SJH: Carried out some of the experiments MBM: Discussion RMA: Discussion EKG: Characterization, Discussion FHR: Characterization, Discussion N.M. Sadigov; Characterization, Discussion MIA; Characterization, Discussion.

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Correspondence to O. O. Balayeva.

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Balayeva, O.O., Azizov, A.A., Muradov, M.B. et al. Noncovalent Doping of Fullerene (C60) into ZnAl–LDH/PVA Matrix and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Congo Red from Water. J Inorg Organomet Polym (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02948-7

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