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Investigation of the structural, electrical, and magnetic behavior of Co3+-Ti4+ doped strontium hexaferrite: validation of measured and theoretical models

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Abstract

We report the effect of Co3+-Ti4+ doped SrFe12-(x–y)CoxTiyO19 (x = y = 0.0, x = 0.225, y = 0.1125) hexaferrite successfully prepared using the conventional ceramic route. The structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, complex impedance spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The structural analysis (Rietveld Refinement) revealed that all the samples exhibit magnetoplumbite hexagonal crystal structures with P63/mmc space group. At the same time, their increase in grain size and the bandgap energy showed evidence of dependency on Co3+-Ti4+ content in SrFe12O19. The impedance and modulus spectra showed the suppression of surface charge polarization with substituting Co3+-Ti4+ ions and co-contribution of the grain and grain boundary effect presented by modeling the electrical processes using an equivalent circuit model. Two transition peaks were observed in the temperature-dependent dielectric constant plots, represented as Td and Tm. However, Tm is nearly frequency-independent, and only one transition peak is identified in frequency versus dielectric constant plots. The temperature Td is due to dipole relaxation, whereas Tm is assigned as dielectric phase transition, modeled by modified Curie–Weiss law. Further, the AC conductivity was examined by Jonscher’s powder law and random free energy barrier model, showing that the AC conductivity increases by increasing frequency due to electronic and overlapping large-polaron hopping mechanisms. Finally, in the magnetic measurements, a simple phenomenological model was modeled based on the Lorentzian function model, representing a transition from hard to soft ferrites in the doped Co3+-Ti4+ SrFe12O19 with saturation magnetization of 123.66 emu/g and coercivity of 316.69 Oe.

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Acknowledgements

SP and PS would like to acknowledge Dr. Prakash Nath Vishwakarma for the VSM facility in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (NITR), \({\text{India}}\). Finally, PS wishes to express gratitude to the Ministry of Government of India for providing a scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore, 4535522, India

    Priyanka Sahu

  2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India

    Priyanka Sahu & Simanchalo Panigrahi

  3. Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India

    Pradeep Kumar Sahu

  4. Institute of Design, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India

    Pradeep Kumar Sahu

  5. Department of Physics, National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhampur, Odisha, 761008, India

    Simanchalo Panigrahi

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  1. Priyanka Sahu
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The following are the contributions of the authors: PS: Problem formulation, Material preparation, data collection, Literature review, results analysis, and manuscript writing-Original draft. PKS: Data collection, Literature review, and formal analysis of the results. SP: Supervision, Resources, Formal Analysis, Writing- Review and Editing and Funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Priyanka Sahu, Pradeep Kumar Sahu or Simanchalo Panigrahi.

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Sahu, P., Sahu, P.K. & Panigrahi, S. Investigation of the structural, electrical, and magnetic behavior of Co3+-Ti4+ doped strontium hexaferrite: validation of measured and theoretical models. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 709 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12356-3

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